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Microbiology
Chapter 7
39
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
10/17/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sterilization
Definition
complete removal of all living microbes
Term
Disinfection
Definition
removal of vegitative cells
Term
Sanitization
Definition
decrease # of microbes
Term
Biocide
Definition
Kills bacteria
Term
Biostatic
Definition
Stops growth but does not kill
Term
What increases chemical effectiveness?
Definition
Acid and heat
Term
3 considerations when choosing a microbial control method?
Definition
Will it affect non microbial agents; is it effective against target microbes; how much will it cost
Term
Heat method of action; how does this destroy microbes?
Definition
Heat denatures protein
Term
Why use an autoclave with steam @ 121 C (2atm) instead of boiling?
Definition
Endospores can survive boiling.
Term
What type of dry heat kills by oxidation?
Definition
Fire
Term
Hot water is used over hot air because hot air requires _________________.
Definition
long exposures
Term
Pasteurization uses rapid heat then cold in order to ______________.
Definition
preserve flavor, and decrease microbial load.
Term
Cold method of action; biocidal or biostatic?
Definition
biostatic
Term
Water filtration systems do not filter out _______?
Definition
microbes
Term
Desiccation-also known as drying uses what method of action
Definition
ARRESTS METABOLISM/ CELL LYSIS
Term
Osmotic pressure uses what method of action?
Definition
ARRESTS METABOLISM/ CELL LYSIS
Term
Radiation method of action?
Definition
DNA Damage, DNA can't figure out how to replicate.
Term
Ionizing high energy radiation forms _____________.
Definition
Radicals
Term
Chemical control methods rarely sterilizes; instead it's used for?
Definition
Disinfection
Term
Phenol is commonly used for?
Definition
anesthetic
Term
Chemical method of action?
Definition
membrane disruption
Term
Triclosan also known as microban is said to be used as a ____________?
Definition
antibacterial agent
Term
Halogen method of action?
Definition
oxidation (reactivity)
Term
Used by Semmelweis?
Definition
Chlorine
Term
Why are antibacterials being blamed for selective resistance?
Definition
They kill weaker bacteria and this only leaves the stronger bacteria to reprouce
Term
Alcohols method of action?
Definition
Denatures proteins; Dissolves lipids
Term
Alcohol uses?
Definition
disinfectant, decontaminant, antiseptic (not for wounds)
Term
Soap method of action?
Definition
Mechanical removal
Term
Quaternary ammonium method of action?
Definition
Membrane disruption
Term
Surprisingly, some microbes can grow in _______ solutions.
Definition
quaternary
Term
Gas sterilizers (epoxides) method of action?
Definition
Protein denaturation
(reactivity)
Term
Used on medical equipment and spacecraft because it can sterilize without heat and it penetrates.
Definition
Gas sterilizers (epoxides)
Term
Disadvantages of epoxides?
Definition
Flammability and long exposure times.
Term
Peroxygens method of action?
Definition
Oxidation
Term
Why does H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide make a lousy antiseptic?
Definition
It is quickly broken down to water and gaseous oxygen by the action of the enzyme catalase, which is present in human cells.
Term
These two are extremely resistant to many treatments?
Definition
Mycobacteria and endospores.
Term
Resistant due to a highly stable protein fold?
Definition
Prions
Term
These where built to survive the extremes and may be dormant for long periods of time?
Definition
Endospores
Term
These resistant bacteria have a waxy, lipid rich cell wall.
Definition
Mycobacteria
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