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Microbiology
Microbiology Chapter 4
34
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
10/04/2011

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Term
What does Fimbriae do for bacteria?
Definition
adhere to each other and to surfaces
Term
Function of Pili (pilus)
Definition
transfer of genetic material
(Bacteria sex)
Term
Why is Pili beneficial to a bacterial colony?
Definition
It can conjugate it's DNA with the same or different bacteria giving it's genetic traits to the other bacteria.
Term
Function of the Cell Wall
Definition
Maintain Shape, rupture prevention
Term
Why is the Cell Wall an important target to antibiotics?
Definition
Clinically, it contributes to the ability of some species to cause disease.
Term
Bacterial cell wall is composed of...
Definition
peptidoglycan
Term
Penicillin prevents what from being formed?
Definition
Polypeptide cross links
Term
Carbohydrate polymer
Definition
(NAG+NAM)
Term
Why doesn't purple dye wash out of Gram positive cells?
Definition
because of the thick cell wall
Term
Why do Gram negative cells dye pink?
Definition
Alcohol dissolves the thin cell wall so purple washes away.
Term
Teichoic acid function
Definition
regulate movement of cations in and out of the cell & wall integrity; only found in Gram+ bacteria
Term
Bacteria cell outer membrane
Definition
immune system evasion, barrier, admits nutrients through porins
Term
Atypical cell walls
Definition
among prokaryotes-very thin or no cell wall
Term
Does archaea have peptidoglycan?
Definition
No
Term
Plasma membrane function and composition.
Definition
Encloses cytoplasm
Prokaryotes- formed from phospholipids
Eukaryotes- formed from sterols and carbohydrates
Term
Most important function of the cell membrane.
Definition
Selectively lets material in and out of the cell.
nutrients in, waste out
Term
Plasma membranes of bacteria contain enzymes capable of catalyzing the chemical reactions that break down nutrients and produce ______.
Definition
ATP
Term
Simple diffusion-why do particles move to areas of lower concentration
Definition
To reach equilibrium
Term
How do bacteria survive in hypertonic solutions.
Definition
They have rigid cell walls
Term
How do halophilic cells survive in hypotonic solutions.
Definition
They fill themselves with molecules to increase the amount of solute inside the cell, thereby bringing themselves closer to equilibrium
Term
How do small ions passively get through a selectively permeable membrane?
Definition
Facilitated diffusion by using transporter proteins.
Term
Bacteria cell nucleoid.
Definition
carries all the information required for the cell's structures and functions.
Term
Plasmids (bonus genes) are only found in
Definition
Prokaryotes
Term
All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes. which function as the sites of _____.
Definition
Protein synthesis
Term
How do Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic
ribosomes.
Definition
The number of proteins and rRNA molecules they contain; they are also somewhat smaller and less dense than ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.
Term
How can some prokaryotic cells survive without nutrients for so long?
Definition
They form endospores which allow the cell to remain dormant.
Term
Prokaryotic reserve deposits
Definition
inclusions
Term
Magnetesomes allow the cell to.
Definition
Sink
Term
Gas vacuoles allow the cell to
Definition
float
Term
Mitochondria creates _______ and makes__________
Definition
Energy and ATP
Term
Do mitochondrion and chloroplasts have their own
DNA and rRNA that is seperate from that of the
cell?
Definition
Yes, but they cannot live without the cell
Term
This cell Has no nucleus.
Definition
Prokaryote
Term
This cell Usually has a cell wall?
Definition
Prokaryote
Term
This cell's Sexual recombination involves meiosis?
Definition
Eukaryote
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