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Microbiology Systems
First Aid 2012 pp195-203
27
Medical
Graduate
01/09/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
normal flora
skin (1)
Definition
Staph epidermidis
Term
normal flora
nose (2)
Definition
Staph epidermidis, Staph aureus
Term
normal flora
oropharynx (1)
Definition
Strep viridans
Term
normal flora
dental plaque (1)
Definition
Strep mutans
Term
normal flora
colon (2)
Definition
Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli
Term
normal flora
vagina (3)
Definition
Lactobacillus, E. coli, GBS
Term
food poisoning
seafood
Definition
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus
Term
food poisoning
reheated rice
Definition
Bacillus cereus
Term
food poisoning
meats, mayonnaise, custard
Definition
Staph aureus
Term
food poisoning
reheated meat
Definition
Clostridium perfringens
Term
food poisoning
canned food
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
Term
food poisoning
undercooked meat
Definition
E. coli O157:H7
Term
food poisoning
poultry, meat, eggs
Definition
Salmonella
Term
appendicitis mimics (3)
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, non-typhoidal Salmonella via mesenteric adenitis
Term
bloody diarrhea(7)
Definition
Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella (low ID50), EHEC, EIEC, Yersinia enterocolitica (daycare outbreaks), Entamoeba histolytica
Term
watery diarrhea (9)
Definition
ETEC (traveler's diarrhea), Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium difficile (could be bloody), Clostridium perfringens (also causes gas gangrene), Giardia, Cyrptosporidium (immunocompromised), rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus
Term
pneumonia (neonates, kids, adults, elderly)
Definition
neonates (<4wk) -- GBS, E. coli
kids (<18yr) -- RSV, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia trachomatis, Strep pneumo
Adults (<40yo) -- Mycoplasma, Chlamydia pneumo, Strep pneumo
Adults (<65yo) -- Strep pneumo, H. flu, anaerobes, viruses, Mycoplasma
elderly -- Strep pneumo, influenza, anaerobes, H. flu, GNRs
Term
pneumonia -- special groups (nosocomial, immunocompromised, aspiration, EtOH/IVDU, CF, postviral, atypical)
Definition
nosocomial -- Staph, enteric GNRs
immunocompromised -- Staph, enteric GNRs, fungi, viruses, PCP (HIV)
aspiration -- anaerobes
EtOH/IVDU -- Strep pneumo, Klebsiella, Staph
CF -- Pseudomonas
Postviral -- Staph, H. flu, Strep pneumo
Atypical -- Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
Term
meningitis (neonates, kids, adults, elderly, viral, HIV)
Definition
neonates (<6mo) -- GBP, E. coli, Listeria
kids (<6yo) -- Strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis, H. flu B, enteroviruses
adults (<60yo) -- Strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis (#1 in teens), enteroviruses, HSV
elderly -- Strep pneumo, GNRs, Listeria

viral -- enteroviruses (esp. coxsackie), HSV-2 (HSV-1 encephalitis), HIV, West Nile, VZV

HIV -- Cryptococcus, CMV, toxo, PML
Term

osteomyelitis

(most, sexually active, DM, IVDU, sickle cell, prosthetic, vertebral, cat/dog bites)

Definition

most -- Staph aureus

sexually active -- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis

DM and IVDU -- Pseudomonas

sickle cell -- Salmonella

prosthetic -- Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis

vertebral -- TB (Pott's disease)

cat/dog bites -- Pasteurella multocida

Term
UTI
Definition
#1. E. coli (green metallic sheen on EMB agar)
#2. Staph saprophytics (sexually active women)
#3. Klebsiella pneumoniae (large mucoid capsule, viscous colonies)
Others -- Serratia marcescens (red pigment, nosocomial, drug-resistant), Enterobacter cloacae (nosocomial, drug-resistant), Proteus mirabilis ("swarming" on agar, urease +, struvite stones), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (blue-green pigment, fruity odor, nosocomial, drug-resistant)

LE + --> bacteria
nitrite + --> gram negative
urease + --> Proteus, Klebsiella
urease - --> E. coli, Staph, Enterococcus
Term
TORCH infections
Definition
Toxo -- chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Rubella -- PDA, cataracts, deafness, +/- blueberry muffin rash
CMV -- hearing loss, seizures, "blueberry muffin" rash
HIV -- recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
HSV-2 -- temporal encephalitis, herpetic lesions
syphilis -- stillbirth, hydrops fetalis, facial abnormalities (Hutchinson's/notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla, mulberry molars), saber shins, deafness
Term
nosocomial infections (newborn nursery, urinary cath, resp therapy, renal dialysis, TPN, water aerosols, wound infection)
Definition
newborn nursery -- CMV, RSV
urinary cath -- E. coli*, Proteus mirabilis
respiratory therapy -- Pseudomonas
renal dialysis unit -- HBV
hyperalimentation (TPN) -- Candida
water aerosols -- Legionella
wound infection -- Staph aureus*

*most common
Term
endocarditis (IVDU)
Definition
Staph aureus, Pseudomonas
Term
numbered diseases of childhood
Definition
1st -- measles = rubeola
3rd -- rubella = German measles
5th -- parvo = erythema infectiosum
6th -- roseola = HHV-6 = exanthum subitum
Term
CSF findings in meningitis
Definition
bacterial -- PMNs > 1000!!
fungal vs. viral -- viral normal sugar!! low sugar in fungal
Term
granuloma inguinale
Definition
Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis
Donovan bodies -- multiple organisms filling large histiocyte
papule --> superficial ulcer --> large ulcer +/- lymph obstruction or genital distortion
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