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Microbiology Lab Pratical Two
Ashlee Sargent Soil Lab
30
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
12/06/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the specific function of Nitrogen Fixers?
Definition
To reduce atmospheric N2 gas into usable nitrogen forms
Term
Where might you find a symbiotic nitrogen fixer?
Definition
In the soil, on a root nodule of a plant such as a legume
Term
The Winogradsky Column is used to demonstrate what cycle?
Definition
Sulfur Cycle
Term
What is found in the Black Zone of the Winogradsky Column?
Definition
Anaerobic Chemoorganoheterotrophs
Term
What is found in the top level (water) of the Winogradsky Column?
Definition
Oxygenic Photolithoautotrophs (Cyanobacteria)
Term
What is found in the Red and Green Zones (Below the Rust Zone) of the Winogradsky Column?
Definition
Anoxygenic Photolithoautotrophs (Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria)
Term
What is found in the Rust Colored Zone of the Winogradsky Column?
Definition
Anoxygenic Photoorganoheterotrophs
Term
What is found in the oxygen dominated much (Just below the water) of the Winogradsky Column?
Definition
Aerobic Chemolithoautotrophs
Term
The lights shining on the Winogradsky Column are to benefit what population?
Definition
The Phototrophs
Term
Name the three types of media used in the Soil Lab
Definition
1. Soil Plate
2. ACT-Plate (Actinomyces Isolation Agar)
3. Rhizobium Plate
Term
What are the two categories of Microbes founds in the soil?
Definition
1. Spore Formers (Bacillus)
2. Non-Spore Formers (Actinomyces)
Term
What is the equation for Nitrogen Fixation?
Definition
N2 + 6H+ + 6e- -> 2NH3
Term
What is denitrification?
Definition
Reduction of Nitrates
Term
What are the two selective ingredients of the Soil Extract Agar?
Definition
1. Cyclohexamide

2. 10% Soil Extract
Term
What does Cyclohexamide SELECT for and INHIBIT?
Definition
Selects for -> PROCARYOTES

Inhibits -> EUCARYOTES
Term
What does 10% Soil Extract SELECT for?
Definition
Specific Soil Microbes (Procaryotes)
Term
What does 10% Soil Extract INHIBIT?
Definition
Non Specific Soil Microbes
Term
What does SOIL EXTRACT AGAR select for?
Definition
Specific Soil Procaryotes
Term
What does the ACT Plate select for?
Definition
Actinomyces
Term
What are the 3 selective ingredients in the ACT Plate?
Definition
1. Blood

2. Metrodinazole

3. Nalidixic Acid
Term
What does the RHIZ (Rhizobium) Plate select for?
Definition
Rhizobium
Term
What are the two selective ingredients in Rhizobium Agar and what do they select for?
Definition
1. Yeast Extract -> Source of organic nitrogen

2. Mannitol -> Carbon Source in growing media
Term
What is the purpose of Rhizobium Agar?
Definition
Try to culture Rhizobium from a clover root.
Term
What is Rhizobium? (4 things)
Definition
1. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixer

2. Gram Negative

3. Can fix nitrogen while symbiotically infecting Legumes

4. When fixing nitrogen, Rhizobium looks like a bacteroid
Term
What is a BACTEROID?
Definition
A BACTEROID changes morphology to fix Nitrogen
Term
How does MUG Agar works?
Definition
E. Coli produces an ENZYME, B-Glucoronidase, which will act on the MUG converting it to a fluorescent compound that will fluoresce under a UV Light
Term
What does MUG stand for?
Definition
4-Methylumbelliferone Glucuronide
Term
Why do we use TSA plates AND Soil Extract Agar plates in the Soil Lab?
Definition
We use SOIL EXTRACT because it selects for soil specific procaryotes.

We use TSA because it selects for procaryotes AND eucaryotes
Term
What is the starting material in the SOIL LAB? (What would the units be?)
Definition
Soil therefore measured in GRAMS!
Term
What are the units in the soil lab?
Definition
CFU/g
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