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Microbiology Exam 4
Chapter 23- Skin Infections
30
Microbiology
5th Grade
03/25/2012

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Term
The largest organ of the body, largest and outermost defense against infection, rarely infected from the outside, good sign of symptoms.
Definition
Skin
Term
Skin Physiology
Definition
Control body temp, fluid balance, synthesis of Vit D.
Term
Skin provides what?
Definition
Sensory receptors that sense the enviorment
Term
Skin produces what?
Definition
cytokines and contains lymphocytes and macrophages.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium, outermost layer, living cells put out from the base, die and becoming keratinized
Term
Dermis
Definition
Functional later, contains capillaries, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Term
Subcutaneous tissue connects what?
Definition
skin with muscle tissue, insulates, and cushions.
Term
Normal skin flora is present where?
Definition
Epidermis and hair shafts. Usually don't invade unless skin is damaged. (Opportunistic Pathogens)
Term
What are the common groups of normal skin flora?
Definition
Diphtheriods (Gram+ rods) bacterium species
Staphylococci (coagulase -) micrococcus species
Fungi, generally yeasts, in and on the epidermis
Term
What are three common hair follicle infections?
Definition
Folliculitis; single hair follicle
Furuncle; deeper hair follicle
Carbuncle; furuncles merge to form several sites of draining pus
Term
Bacterial skin infections are usually caused by what?
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes.
Term
How are bacterial skin infections classified?
Definition
By depth of involvement.
Superficial; impetigo.
Deeper; hair follicle
Toxic-mediated; scalded skin syndrome.
Term
A remote site that makes an epidermolytic toxin causes the outer epidermis to separate and peel off leaving the underlying layer red.
Definition
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Term
Infection of the outermost living layer of the epidermis, often on face. Often resolves by itself, can spread/be contagious.

Can be a concern if causes by S. pyogenes. (scarlet fever)
Definition
Impetigo
Term
Mainly hospital acquired, but a new strain of community acquired is common in younger people. *athlete settings. Easily treated if recognized.
Definition
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Term
What is Lyme disease caused by and what is its host?
Definition
Borellia burgdorferi, a spriochete; white-footed mouse.
Term
What is Lyme disease carried by and what is its host?
Definition
Ixodes scapularis (black-legged) ticks; deer.
Term
Found in Northeast US and Wisconsin. Primary infection forms erythema migrans at the bits (annular rings).
Definition
Lyme disease (insect born infection)
Term
What is Lime diseases secondary infection?
Definition
Central nervous systems, cardiac symptoms, arthritis.
Term
What is the insect borne infection Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Definition
An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, carried by wood ticks. The actual infection is in the vascular endothelium.
Term
What does Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever cause?
Definition
Inflammation and clotting, spotted skin rash.
Term
In same group as herpes, spread by respiratory route. Reactivation of this infectious disease is shingles (zoster)
Definition
Varicella (chicken pox) -viral skin infection
Term
What is the difference of chicken pox as an adult vs. a child?
Definition
pneumonia; mild febrile illness with vesicular rash. (can be fatal)
Term
Initially an upper respiratory infection, followed by a forming of a fine macular rash on trunk and Koplick's spots in the mouth.
Definition
Rubeola (measles) viral skin infection
Term
What complications can measles have?
Definition
CNS, SSPE.
Term
Rubella, the German measles, have what kind of symptoms?
Definition
Mild fever, respiratory tract cold symptoms, faint rash of the chest. (can cause birth defects in fetus if pregnant)
Term
Direct infection of the skin causing warts or tumors of the skin that can spread.
Definition
Human Papillomavirus - viral skin infection
Term
Some types of Papillomavirus are associates with what type of cancer?
Definition
Cervical
Term
What are the symptoms and causes of the common fungal skin infection Dermatophytes?
Definition
infection and inflammation of the outer epidermis, redness and hair loss; causes by Tinea pedis (athletes foot) and Tinea corporis (ringworm/jock itch)
Term
What fungal skin infection can be normal flora in low numbers, it it increases and invades, it causes upper diaper rash, oral thrush, or paronychia (nail infection)
Definition
Candida albicans
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