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Microbiology Bacteria with Unusual Growth Requirements
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Spirochetes
48
Microbiology
Graduate
12/06/2012

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Cards

Term
Spirochetes definition
Definition
Long slender helically-curved gram-negative bacilli
Term
Which 3 genera are pathogenic?
Definition
Treponema (medium coils), Borrelia (loose coils), leptospira (tight coils)
Term
Treponema definition
Definition
normal oral/genital flora, obligate human organism
Term
T. pallidum subspecies pallidum
Definition
venereal syphilis
Term
T. pallidum subspecies pertenue
Definition
yaws
Term
T. pallidum subspecies endemicum
Definition
non-venereal syphilis
Term
Primary syphilis
Definition
chancre (painless ulcer at site of inoculation)
Term
Secondary syphilis
Definition
fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, rash, 25% recurrence rate
Term
tertiary syphilis (latent)
Definition
no clinical manifestations, tissue destructive lesions (CNS, cardiovascular, eye), not contagious
Term
Congenital syphilis
Definition
miscarriage/stillbirth, early in pregnancy- cutaneous lesions, CNS damage, late in pregnancy- bone damage, eye lesions, pointed teeth
Term
Laboratory diagnosis of Syphilis
Definition
DarkField Micropscopy, and serological tests
Term
DarkField Micropscopy of syphilis
Definition
characteristic flexing and bending motility
Term
serological test (screening) for syphilis
Definition
flocculation using reagin as antigen, VDRL, or RPR, therapy should decrease titers
Term
serological test (confirmatory) for syphilis
Definition
antigen, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption, microhemagglutination test for T. pallidum, once you’re positive, you stay positive for life
Term
Borrelia definition
Definition
stains with Giemsa, causes relapsing fever
Term
transmitted by lice
Definition
B. recurrentis
Term
transmitted by ticks
Definition
B. hermsii, B. turicatae, B. parkeri
Term
relapsing fever
Definition
4-10 days of fever, headache and myalgia
Term
diagnosis of relapsing fever
Definition
direct observation of motility in blood wet preps, Giemsa stained slides or serology
Term
Lyme disease
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ixodes ticks
Term
Primary Lyme
Definition
erythema migrans, fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, bulls-eye rash
Term
Secondary Lyme
Definition
meningitis, neurologic deficits, carditis
Term
Tertiary Lyme
Definition
chronic arthritis (being re-infected)
Term
Diagnosis of Lyme disease
Definition
IFA, ELISA, western blot, molecular methods (test the tick)
Term
Leptospira definition
Definition
hooked ends, 180 serovars
Term
Zoonosis
Definition
transmitted by contact with urine or blood of infected animals
Term
Weil’s disease
Definition
fever, headache, myalgia, more severe liver, kidney, vascular dysfunction
Term
Diagnosis of Weil's Disease
Definition
dark field microscopy on blood, urine or CSF, culture in semisolid media enriched with rabbit serum or serology studies
Term
Cell wall deficient bacteria
Definition
no cell wall, small, requires sterols for growth, aerobic and fastidious, resistant to penicillin
Term
Names of the Cell wall deficient bacteria
Definition
Mycoplasma and ureaplasma- some are normal flora
Term
M. pneumoniae causes
Definition
atypical pneumonia (non productive cough), upper respiratory infection in children, lower respiratory infections in adults
Term
M. hominis and U. urealyticum are
Definition
genital myoplasma
Term
genital tract infections of mycoplasma
Definition
prostatitis, PID, amnionitis, nongonococcal urethritis
Term
immunosupressed patients infected with mycoplasma
Definition
Bacteremia, arthritis, abscesses and wound infections
Term
congenital infection of mycoplasma
Definition
meningitis, pneumonia and abscesses.
Term
diagnosis of mycoplasma
Definition
culture on selective media with different substrates
Term
incubation of mycoplasma
Definition
aerobic for 7-28 days
Term
Plate morphology of mycoplasma
Definition
fried eggs
Term
Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are different from other bacteria
Definition
because they have no cell wall
Term
The clinical significance of mycoplasma pneumonia, M. hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum is
Definition
they can cause serious infections in healthy, immunosupressed, newborn individuals
Term
Penicillin type antibiotics are not the drug of choice for mycoplasma infections because
Definition
they are resistant to penicillin
Term
You order a venereal syphilis on an 81 year old patient because
Definition
because it’s possible that she was infected earlier in life and never got treated, she could have been dormant for awhile and now she has progressed to tertiary stage syphilis which can cause serious CNS damage
Term
If the RPR was reactive
Definition
you need to order a confirmatory serological test because RPR is just a screening test
Term
The health department should be notified
Definition
after a positive confirmatory test
Term
Leptospirosis
Definition
fever, headache, myalgia
Term
causes of Leptospirosis
Definition
L. interrogans
Term
transmission of Leptospirosis
Definition
contact with urine or blood of an infected animal
Term
Diagnosis of leptospirosis
Definition
dark field microscopy on blood, urine or CSF, culture in semisolid media enriched with rabbit serum or serology studies
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