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Microbio - PreMidterm SGU 2013
Microbio - PreMidterm SGU 2013
44
Medical
Professional
03/18/2013

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Cards

Term
Loss of virulence causes ?2
Definition
Attenuation
Term
What is persistence in viruses ?
Definition
Persistence occurs when cell is not killed - may be chronic, latent, recurrent, immortalizing, transforming
Term
Successful viral infection needs what two things ?
Definition
1. Susceptible host cell (has "proper" receptors)

2. Permissive host cell (has "proper" biosynthetic machinery)
Term
Most common site of viral infections ?
Definition
Oral and respiratory tract (upper and lower)
Term
Influenza life cycle is unique b/c ?
Definition
It goes into the host cell's nucleus
Term
Transmission of Rotavirus ?
Definition
Fecal matter, especially in daycare settings (respiratory possible)
Term
4 classifications of viral rashes are ?
Definition
m p n v

Macules - flat colored spots
Papules - slightly raised areas from immune response
Nodules - larger raised areas of the skin
Vesicular lesions - blisters likely to contain virus
Term
Exanthem ?
Definition
Widespread rash usually occurring in children
HPV is an ex)
Low risk HPVs cause genital warts
High risk HPVs cause premalignant lesions
Term
What is EV (Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis) ?
Definition
A rare, inherited disorder that predisposes pts. to widespread HPV infection and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas

**Person looks like a tree **
Term
HBV has tissue tropism to what organ ?
Definition
Liver
Term
Two viruses that are sexually transmitted and can infect the CNS ?
Definition
HHV 1
HHV 2
Both block effects of interferon and prevent CD8 T-cell recognition of infected cells
Term
HHV 1 and HHV 2 can infect what cells initially and when in lytic, persistent, or latent infection form ?
Definition
Initially infects mucoepithelial cells
Lytic (Cowdry Type A Inclusion Bodies, Syncytia)

Persistent (Lymphocytes and macrophages)

Latent Infections (neurons)
Term
What virus causes chorioretinitis in newborns, and is most prevalent viral cause of congenital disease ?
Definition
HHV 5 (CMV)
Term
Common name for HHV 4 and HHV 5 viruses ?
Definition
HHV-4 (EBV)
HHV-5 (CMV)
Term
Main way viruses can cause cancers ?
Definition
Can modulate the cell's regulatory factors
Term
What is CPEs (Cytopathic Effects) and examples of it ?
Definition
CPEs are host cell changes in response to a viral infection.
Exs)
Rounding
Inclusion Bodies (masses of foreign or non-active materials)
Cell Lysis, Necrosis, Apoptosis
Syncytia Formation (large, multinucleated cell)
Transformation
Term
Inclusion bodies are seen in what viral infections ?
Definition
Ebola and CMV and BK virus
Term
2 viruses known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma ?
Definition
Hep B and Hep C
Term
What virus causes cervical, anal, and oral carcinomas, and non-melanoma skin cancers ?
Definition
HPV
Term
Cancers due to 5 infections correspond to what percentage of total cancer incidence ?
Definition
18.6 %
Term
What non-structural proteins are involved in transformation of these DNA tumor viruses ?

Papilloma
Polyoma
Adenovirus
BK Virus
SV-40
Definition
Papilloma: E6 and E7
Polyoma: Large T and small T antigen
Adenovirus: E1A and E1B
BK Virus: Large T
SV-40: Large T

Mutations in these regions abolish transformation capacity
Term
What virus causes the most STDs worldwide ?
Definition
HPV
Term
Most cervical carcinomas are due to what virus ?
Definition
High-risk HPV associated cancers
Term
What virus is associated with Burkitt's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and Nasopharyngeal cancer ?
Definition
EBV
Term
E6 and E7 in HPV targets what two things ?
Definition
p53 and pRB
Term
What virus is the ultimate B-lymphocyte parasite and 70 % of USA population carries it ?
Definition
EBV (HHV-4)

EBV stimulates growth, immortalizes B cells in tissue culture
Term
EBV encodes more than _____ proteins
Definition
70
Term
HHV-8 is ?
Definition
KSHV (Kaposi's Sarcoma associated Herpes Virus)

Kaposi's Sarcoma is a tumor of the blood vessel walls
Most frequently detected tumor in AIDS pts
Pink, red, or purple lesions on skin and mouth
Term
(MCV) Merkel Cell Polyomavirus can cause what cancer ?
Definition
(MCC) Merkel Cell Carcinoma - highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of skin .... but 20-30% of MCC do not harbor MCV
Term
1/3 of world's population has been infected with ?
Definition
HBV
Term
HBV characteristics ?
Definition
Type of hepadnavirus (Class 7)
Spread by blood, needles, sexual contact, perinatally
Mean incubation period of 3 months after which icteric symptoms start insidiously
HBV genome can integrate into host chromosome
Term
HCV characteristics ?
Definition
Is a flavivirus (Class 4)
(+) ss RNA genome
Takes about 30 yrs to cause cancer
Mostly causes persistent infection which can go on to cause liver disease or cancer
Term
Ex of a retrovirus that can cause human cancer ?
Definition
HTLV-1
Causes cancer over a long latency period (>30 yrs)
Term
Transcriptional regulator for HTLV-1 is ?
Definition
Tax
Term
Exception: Which virus family uses ribosomes ?
Definition
Arenavirus family
Term
Which vaccines do you not give to an immunocompromised patient ?
Definition
Live-attenuated vaccine
Like:
Polio (Sabin)
MMR
Yellow Fever
Rotavirus
Varicella
Term
Exs of inactivated (killed) vaccines ?
Definition
H I P
Hep A
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
Term
Can person get real virus from a Subunit Viral Vaccine ?
Definition
No, b/c there is no genetic info. in the vaccination
This vaccine has recombinant proteins that self-assemble into VLPs (Virus Like Particles)

Exs are HepB, Quadrivalent HPV, Gardiasil
Term
How does Acyclovir work ?
Definition
Is a nucleoside guanosine analogue
They lack OH groups for linking of backbone
It blocks DNA synthesis by chain termination
Term
AZT (Azidothymidine) works how ?
Definition
Is a nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase
Term
Exs of non-nucleoside inhibitors of RT ?
Definition
Foscarnet
Nevirapine
Binds to sites on RT enzyme
Term
Saquinavir is an ex) of ?
Definition
Protease Inhibitors
Blocks cleavage of polyproteins which can block viral assembly and release
Term
Which Interferon is most common in teams ?
Definition
IFN-alpha
Term
What is Imiquimod ?
Definition
Toll-Receptor ligand, stimulates innate responses to attack the virus infection (HPV)
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