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Micro economics
ECN exam 1
49
Economics
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2011

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Cards

Term
Proposition 1
Definition
humans have wants and needs
Term
Prop 2
Definition
humans' wants and needs can never be satisfied
Term
Prop 3a
Definition
everything that satisfies a human want or need is either a good or service
Term
prop 3b
Definition
everything that satisfies a human want or need must be produced
Term
Prop 4
Definition
every production process that results in a good or service requires three types of resources: land, labor, and capital
Term
Land
Definition
is the dirt
Term
Labor
Definition
is the human element
Term
Capital
Definition
is everything else one needs to produce an economic good or service in addition to the land and labor needed
Term
Prop 5
Definition
capital itself, is a produced good
Term
Prop 6
Definition
resources are scarce
Term
Households that provide land
Definition
firms that need land for production receive a payment called rent
Term
Households that provide capital
Definition
firms that need capital for production receive a payment called interest
Term
Households that provide labor
Definition
firms that need labor for production receive a payment called wages
Term
Sole proprietorship
Definition
sole owner of a firm
Term
Partnerships
Definition
two or more entrepreneurs combine their resources to create or expand an existing business
Term
Corporation
Definition
a legal entity owned by shareholders
Term
Socialism
Definition
a political and economic theory that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
Term
Communism
Definition
a political and economic theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
Term
Fascism
Definition
and authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization
Term
Capitalism
Definition
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
Term
Ceteris paribus
Definition
is Latin for "formal with other conditions remaining the same"
Term
economic bad
Definition
anything you pay to get rid of (pollution)
Term
free good
Definition
a good for which there is no scarcity
Term
fallacy of composition
Definition
the mistaken assumption that what applies in the case of one applies to the case of many
Term
association of causation
Definition
the mistaken assumption that because two events seem to occur together, one causes the other
Term
microeconomics
Definition
the study of economics at the level of the individual
Term
marginal cost
Definition
the amount of one good or service that must be given up to obtain one additional unit of another good or service, no matter how many units are being produced
Term
comparative advantage
Definition
the ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than someone else
Term
market
Definition
a place or service that enables buyers and sellers to exchange goods and services
Term
barter
Definition
the direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money
Term
normal goods
Definition
goods for which demand increases as income increases
Term
inferior goods
Definition
goods for which demand decreases as income increases
Term
substitute goods
Definition
goods that can be used in place of each other; as the price of one rises, the demand for the other rises (pizza, sub reference)
Term
complementary goods
Definition
goods that are used together; as the prices of one rises the demand for the other falls
Term
quantity supplied
Definition
the amount that sellers are willing and able to offer at a given price
Term
determinants of demand
Definition
factors that influence demand-income, tastes, prices of related goods
Term
determinants of supply
Definition
factors that influence supply-prices of resources, technology and productivity
Term
disequilibrium
Definition
prices at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are not equal at a particular price
Term
Price floor
Definition
a situation in which the price is not allowed to decrease below a certain level
Term
price ceiling
Definition
a situation in which the price is not allowed to rise above a certain level
Term
consumer sovereignty
Definition
the authority of consumers to determine what is produced through their purchases of goods and services
Term
private sector
Definition
households, businesses, and the international sector
Term
public sector
Definition
the government
Term
consumption
Definition
household spending
Term
business firm
Definition
a business organization controlled by a single management
Term
trade surplus
Definition
the situation that exists when imports are less than exports
Term
trade deficit
Definition
the situation that exists when imports exceed exports
Term
net exports
Definition
the difference between the value of exports and imports
Term
financial intermediaries
Definition
institutions that accept deposits from savers and make loans to borrowers
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