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Micro bmc 2
Micro bmc 2
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Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
03/12/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
science used to classify organism is called?
Definition
Taxonomy
Term
Population of cells derived from a single cell is called
Definition
Clone
Term
Genetically different cells within a clone is called
Definition
Strain
Term
Hierarchy of taxonomy
Definition

Domain

kingdom

phyllum

class

 order

 family

genus

species

Term
Methods of classification in microbiology
Definition

Morphological ccharacteristic

differential staining

biochemical tests

serology

phase typing

flow cytometry 

Term
The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
Definition
taxonomy
Term
A taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family, genus, or species
Definition
taxon
Term
(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
Definition
phylogeny
Term
The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium
Definition
Culture
Term
A cell, group of cells, or organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a single common ancestor, such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell.
Definition
Clone
Term

The study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Biology The systematic classification of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them; taxonomy

Definition
systematics
Term
The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms
Definition
phylogeny
Term
Placing organisms in group of related species
Definition
Classification
Term
Matching characteristics of an unknown organism to lists of known organisms
Definition
Identification
Term
Method of identification for the Eukaryotes
Definition
Morphological characteristic
Term

Method of identification using gram stain/acid fast staining

Definition
Different staining
Term

Method of identification determining the presence of bacterial enzymes

Definition
Biochemical tests
Term
Method of identification using serum and antigen/Immune system, antibodies
Definition
serology
Term
Method of identification useful to trace the origin of a disease
Definition
Phage typing
Term
Method of identification using fluorescence, selective stain, conductivity
Definition
Flow cytometry
Term
Method of identification widely used and based on suggestive questions with possible 2 answers?
Definition
Dichotomous key
Term
Method of identification using bacteria synthesizing fatty acid
Definition
Fatty acid and profile
Term
Method of identification using DNA base composition, fingerprinting, nucleic acid
Definition
Genetics
Term
is responsible for the 1st and 2nd line of defense?
Definition
Innnate immunity
Term
is responsible for the third line of defense?
Definition
adaptive immunity
Term
Body defense present from birth again any microorganisms
Definition
Innate Immunity
Term
Body defense against specific microorganisms
Definition
adaptive immunity
Term
Characteristic of innate immunity
Definition

From birth

Provide rapid response

No memory response

first and second line of defense

Term
Characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Definition

Specific to microorganism

activate when immune response is inadequate

Slower response

Has a memory response

Third line of defense

Term
Inner thicker portion of skin
Definition
Dermis
Term
Outer thinner portion of skin
Definition
Epidermis
Term
What comprise the first line of defense
Definition

Instant skin

mucous membrane

normal microbiota

Term
Comprise the second line of defense
Definition

Phagocytes

Inflammation

Fever

Antimicrobial substance

Term
Phase of phagocytosis
Definition

Chemotaxis

Adherence

ingerence

digestion

Term
The most common chemical factor in the immune response is ?
Definition
Term
______, ___________, and _____________comprise the first line of defense
Definition

Intact skin,

Mucous membrane,

 normal microbiota

Term

1.    __________, __________, ___________, and ___________comprise the second line of defense.

Definition

Phagocytes

inflammation

fever

antimicrobial substance

Term

 

1.    The most common chemical factor in the immune response is ____.

 

Definition
Term

1.    The phases of phagocytosis are __________, ___________, __________, and ___________.

Definition

Chemotaxis

Adherence

ingestion

digestion

Term

1.                      is the study of where and when diseases occur.

Definition
Epidemiology
Term

1.                     is the study of a disease.

Definition
pathology
Term
                 is the study of the cause of a disease
Definition
Etiology
Term

1.                     describes a relationship between 2 organisms in which one always benefits.

Definition
Symbiosis
Term

1.                                describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected.

Definition
Commensalism
Term

1.                              describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

Definition
Parasitism
Term

1.                          describes a relationship where both organisms benefit.

Definition
mutualism
Term

1.                                             describes competition among microbes.

Definition
Microbial antagonist
Term

1.    Normal micobiota protect the host by                          ,                     , and -----------------------------.                                                                                  

Definition

Occupying space

Producing acid

producing bacteriocies

Term

1.    The major significance of Koch’s postulates is                                             .

Definition
microbes causes diseases
Term
List of Koch's postulate
Definition

1.        The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.

2.        The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.

3.        The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal.

4.        The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism

Term

1.    List the exceptions to Koch’s postulates.

Definition

Exceptions:

If the organism cannot be grown in the laboratory on artificial media

If the disease is caused by more than one organism

If the disease only occurs in humans

If the organism causes more than one disease

Term
Stages of diseases
Definition

incubation

prodromal

period of illness

period of decline

period of convalescense

 

Term
Infection that do not show any sign of incubation at time of admission>hospital based infection
Definition
Nosocomial Infection
Term
Most common HAI infection
Definition
Urinary infection
Term
Location of the CDC
Definition
Atlanta
Term
Restropective study of data
Definition
Descriptive epidemiology
Term
look for common characteristics to establish cause and effect
Definition
Analytical epidemiology
Term
Science starting with hypothesis, followed by experiments and studies testing hypothesis?
Definition
Experimental epidemiology
Term
portals of entry
Definition

Skin,

mucous membranes

parenteral route

Term
Colonization of the body by pathogens
Definition
Infection
Term
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally
Definition
Disease
Term

normal organism in the body who does not cause disease in normal habitat in a healthy person? 

permanently colonize the host.

Definition
Normal microbiota
Term
are members of the normal flora that are not always present or are present for only a few days, weeks, or months before disappearing
Definition
Transcient microbiota
Term
organism that exists harmlessly as part of the normal human body environment and does not become a health threat until the body's immune system fails
Definition
Opportunistic Pathogens
Term
Communicable diseases vs non communicable diseases?
Definition

A communicable disease can be spead from person to person>chicken pox

 

A non-communicable disease is a disease that can not be spread from person to person>tetanus

Term
Dev of disease
Definition
Pathogenesis
Term
Microorganism capable of causing disease
Definition
Pathogen
Term
Sites where pathogens enter the body
Definition
Portal of entry
Term
Source of infection can come From the outside or the inside of the body?
Definition

Exogenous

Endogenous

Term

Majority of pathogens have their ?

If pathogens enters the wrong portal?

Definition

Preferred portal of entry but some infectious agent can have more than one portal> Strep, staph

infection will not occur>influenza

 

Term
Site of pathogen leaving the infected person to infect others
Definition
Portal of exit
Term
Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended, to excert a beneficial effect
Definition
Probiotics
Term
A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
Definition
Symptoms
Term
A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease
Definition
Sign
Term
A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
Definition
Syndrome
Term
A disease that is easily spread from one host to another
Definition
Contagious disease>Chickenpox, measles
Term

 

Fraction of the population that contract a disease during a specific time

Definition
incidence of disease
Term
Fraction of the population having a specific disease at a given time
Definition
Prevalence
Term
disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Definition
Sporadic disease
Term
Disease constantly present in a population?
Definition
Endemic disease
Term
disease acquired by many host in a given area in a short time?
Definition
Epidemic disease
Term
World wide epidemic
Definition
Pandemic
Term
immunity in most of a population
Definition
herd immunity
Term
disease symptoms develop rapidly
Definition
Acute disease
Term
Disease develops slowly
Definition
Chronic disease
Term
symptoms disease between acute and chronic
Definition
subacute disease
Term
Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive
Definition
Latent disease>shingles
Term
pathogens infection are limited to a small area?
Definition
Local infection
Term
An infection throughout the body
Definition
Systemic infection
Term
local infection spreading to another area of the body and remains confined
Definition
focaL infection>tonsils, sinuses
Term
toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins from a focus of infection
Definition
sepsis
Term
bacteria in the blood
Definition
Bacteremia
Term
growth of bacteria in the blood
Definition
Septicemia
Term
Toxins in the blood
Definition
toxemia
Term
Viremia
Definition
Viruses in the blood
Term
Acute infection causing initial illness
Definition
Primary infection
Term
Opportunistic infection after a primary predisposing infection
Definition
Secondary infection
Term
no noticeable signs or symptoms of disease
Definition
Subclinical disease
Term
Making the body more susceptible to disease?
Definition
Predisposing factor
Term
Reservoir of disease?
Definition
Continual sources of infection, aids, hiv, animal, soil, h20
Term
Transmission of disease by?
Definition

Contact

Vehicle

Vector

Term
Transmission of disease can be by conctact, how?
Definition

Direct

Indirect>objets

Droplet>airborne

Term
Transmission of disease by  an inanimate reservoir
Definition
Vehicle transmission
Term
Vector transmission can be?
Definition

mechanical>carries pathogen on feet>mosquito

 

Biological> pathogen reproduces in vector>larva

Term
Nosocomial infection result from interaction of several factors
Definition

Microorganisms in hospital

Compromised status of the host

Chain of transmission

 

Term
Resistance to Infection is impaired by disease, therapy or burns?
Definition
Compromised host
Term
Common infection in hospital?
Definition
UTI
Term

 3 main method of epidemiology investigation/

 

Definition

Descriptive

Analytical

experimental

Term
retrospective studies of data that has accumulated  over time
Definition
Descriptive
Term
Look for common  characteristics and other risk factors to establish cause & effect
Definition
Analytical
Term

hypotheses about common habits, places of exposure or sources can be tested and identified?

 

Definition
Experimental
Term
Incidence of a specific notifiable disease
Definition
Morbidity
Term
Death from a notifiable diseases
Definition
Mortality
Term
number of people affected in relation  to the total population in a given period
Definition
Morbidity rate
Term
Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
Definition
Mortality rate
Term
health care workers report specified disease to local, state and national offices
Definition
Case reporting
Term
Physicians  are required to report to report occurence
Definition
Nationally notifiable diseases
Term

 

1.    The 4 groups of bacteria are:

 

a.    ____________

 

b.   ____________

 

c.    ____________

 

d.   ____________

 

Definition

Gram Positive Cocci

    Gram Positive Bacilli

  Gram Negative Cocci

  Gram Negative Bacilli

 

Term

1.    Staph aureus is called MRSA when the _____________ is resistant.

Definition
oxicillin
Term

1.    ___________ ___________ ___________ refers to a group of Staphylococcus that is normally less virulent, but can be opportunistic.

Definition

coagulase,

negative

staph

Term

1.    _________, __________, __________, __________ and ___________ are called beta hemolytic streps.

Definition

Group A

Group B

Group C

GroupD

Term

1.    Group _______ is of concern in pregnancy.

Definition
Group B
Term

1.    Group _______ causes strep throat.

Definition
Group A
Term

1.    VRE stands for __________ ____________ ______________.

Definition
Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus
Term

1.    ________________ refers to Neisseria meningitis.

Definition
meningococcus
Term

1.    ________________ refers to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Definition
Gonococcus
Term

1.    ________________ refers to Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Definition
Pseumo coccus
Term
Most common cause of a UTI is ____________ __________.
Definition
E coli
Term

1.    ______________ ______________ is a problem in hot tubs, saunas, and whirlpools.

Definition
Pseudomona Aeruginosa
Term

1.    _____________ ______________ used to be the cause of meningitis in young children.

Definition
Haemophilus influenza
Term

1.    Pseudomembraneous colitis is caused by ___________ __________.

Definition
C diff
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