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Micro 6
micro 6
53
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
06/02/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
are places where pathogens can grow or accumalate
Definition
reservoirs of infectious organisioms
Term
the various ways pathogens move from place to place
Definition
mechanisms of transmission
Term
diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans.
ex: rabies and lyme disease
Definition
zoonotic disease
Term
is the final requirement in successful infection
Definition
transmission
Term
there are 3 potential reservoirs of infection; ________, _______ and ______
Definition
humans, animals and nonliving reservoirs
Term
human reservoirs can be infected people calledq
Definition
carriers
Term
nonliving reservoirs are
Definition
water food and soil
Term
3 mechanisms to trasmitt infectious organisms
Definition
contact, vehicle and vector transmission
Term
a healthy person is exposed to pathogens either by touching or being close to an infected person or object.
subdivision types: direct, indirect and droplet
Definition
contact transmission
Term
theres no intermediatary between the infected person and the uninfected person.
ex
; touching kissing, sex
Definition
direct contact transmission
Term
occurs through intermediates that are ususally nonliving, tissues handkercheifs, towels, bedding, and contaminated needles
Definition
indirect contact transmission
Term
nonliving intermediates that act as agents of transmission by indirect contact
Definition
formites
Term
csn occur through sneezing coughing or even laughing. confined to smaller distances
ex: influenz, whooping cough
Definition
doplet transmission
Term
food carrying pathogenic organisms. water, airm blood, body fluids, drugs and intravenous fluids w/ a pathogenic organism hitching a ride on it
Definition
vehicle transmission
Term
pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person by a carrier known to be associated w/ some disease. can occur mechanically or biologically.
ex: arthropods such as fleas, ticks, lice and mosqitoes
Definition
vector transmission
Term
the vector's body parts are contaminated w/ the infecting microorganisms and they are passively brushed off onto the host.
ex: flies landing on poop than landing on your food
Definition
mechanical vector transmission
Term
occurs in the bite like the ones that caused the bubonic plague that killed 1/3 of europe during the middle ages
Definition
biological vector transmission
Term
the lower than normal number of neutrophils in the blood. neutrophiles are important in the host innate immune response
Definition
neutropenia
Term
common cause of profounf neutropenia is the admistration of ____________- for the treatment of malignant tumors seen in cancer. drugs side affect render patient temp immunoincomp conseq high risk 4 infections
Definition
cytotoxic chemotherapy
Term
the infections primarily associated wq/ neutrapenia are primarily
Definition
bacteral and fungal
Term
can begin as soon as the neutriphile level decreases
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
can occur only in people who have been beutropenic foe longe periods
Definition
bacterial infections
Term
infections cause by candidas albicans present in the human gastrointestinal tract and in the vag can cause ______ in patients w/ neutropenia
Definition
mucocutaneous candidiasis
Term
the spores of aspergillus fumigatus, a fungas found in many places and carried in the air, can cause ____________ in neutrapenic patients
Definition
fungal pneumonia
Term
when the skin is loss (burn victims) there is a greater chance of this.
Definition
septicemia
Term
___________ are chemicals similar to antibiotics that inhibit the growth of any organisms other than the bacteria that produced them. loss of the resident bacteria allows the entry and growth of pathogens which then cause __________
Definition
bacteriocins

oppurtunistic infections
Term
any patient w/ a ________ is susceptible to nosocomial infections
Definition
break in the skin
Term
one of the most important parts of the infectious process is the
Definition
host defense
Term
some infections are caused by _____________ which are normally harmless but become pathogenic if the condiotions are right
Definition
opportunistic infections
Term
the study of factors and mechanisms involved in the frequency and spread of diseases or other health related problems. important part of understanding disease
Definition
epidemiology
Term
the # of new cases contracted w/in a set population in a specific period.
provides reliable indication of the spread of a particular disease
Definition
incidence
Term
the totsl # of people infected w/in a population @ any given time,. this data can measure how serious and long a disease has affected a population
Definition
prevelence
Term
of a disease is the # of individuals affected by a disease during a specific period divided by the total population
Definition
morbity rate
Term
is the # of deaths due to a specific during a specific period divided by the total population
Definition
mortality rate
Term
when epidemiological studies are used to examine parameters such as particular geographic areas and the degree of harm cause by the disease as ___________________________________
Definition
sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
Term
occur in random and in an unpredictable manner and dont pose at threat to public health
Definition
sporadic diseases
Term
are referrd to diseases that are constantly in the population but in #s too low ot be a public problem.
ex: common cold
Definition
endemic
Term
when a disease occurs in epidemic proportions throughout the world
Definition
pandemic
Term
occurs when the incidence of disease becomes higher than normally expected # of individuals affected by the disease
Definition
epidemic
Term
an epidemic outbreak that arises from contact w/ contaminated substances and most commonly occurs when a water supply is contiminated w/ fecal matter or when food is not properly prepared
Definition
common source outbreaks
Term
is one that results from amplification of the # of imfected individuals as person to person contacts occur. stay in populations 4 long periods of times and more difficult to control than common source outbreaks
Definition
propagated epidemics
Term
there are 2 types of epidemiological studies
Definition
descriptive and analytical
Term
are concerned w/ the physical aspects of the patients and the spread of disease. wanna try to pin point the orgin or area or orgin
Definition
descriptive epidemilogical disease
Term
the focus is establishing a cause and effect relationship.done in conjunction w/ a control group.
Definition
analytical studies
Term
is one which the records of patients who have already contracted the disease are being studied
Definition
restrospective analytical study
Term
dont allow the benefit of hindsight; in this type of studydata are analyzed abd collected, consider factors that occur as the epidemic proceeds
Definition
prospective analytical studies
Term
they must be reported to the center of disease control in alanta the clearing house for epidemiological research
Definition
nationally notifiable
Term
analytical epidemiological studies always contain a control group and can be
Definition
retrospective or prospective
Term
one of the most important factors in the infection process is the ______________
Definition
immunological compatence of the host
Term
are more likely in people w/ lowered immunity
Definition
opppurtunic infections
Term
nosocomial infections are greatly associated w/
Definition
antibiotic-resistant pathogens
Term
the # of new cases of a disease contracted w/in a set population in a specific period
Definition
incidence
Term
the # of people in the population infected @ any given time
Definition
prevelence
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