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MGT 3305 Test 3
Ch 10-13
83
Management
Undergraduate 3
10/30/2011

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Term
Ch10
Programmed Decision
Definition
A simple, routine matter for which a manager has an established decision rule.
Term
Ch10
Nonprogrammed Decision
Definition
A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.
Term
Ch10
Rationality
Definition
A logical, step-by-step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences.
Term
Ch10
Bounded Rationality
Definition
A theory that suggests that there are limits to how rational a decision maker can actually be.
Term
Ch10
Effective Decision
Definition
A timely decision that meets a desired objective and is acceptable to those individuals affected by it.
Term
Ch10
Satisfice
Definition
To select the first alternative that is "good enough", because the costs in time and effort are too great to optimize.
Term
Ch10
Heuristics
Definition
Shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.
Term
Ch10
Escalation of Commitment
Definition
The tendency to continue to support a failing course of action.
Term
Cognitive Style
Definition
An individual's preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives.
Term
Ch10
Risk Aversion
Definition
The tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty.
Term
Ch10
Intuition
Definition
A fast, positive force in decision making that is utilized at a level below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information.
Term
Ch10
Creativity
Definition
A process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both.
Term
Ch10
Synergy
Definition
A positive force that occurs in groups when group members stimulate new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group.
Term
Ch10
Social Decision Schemes
Definition
Simple rules used to determine final group decisions.
Term
Ch10
Groupthink
Definition
A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement resulting from pressures within the group.
Term
Ch10
Group Polarization
Definition
The tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members.
Term
Ch10
Brainstorming
Definition
A technique for generating as many ideas as possible on a given subject, while suspending evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested.
Term
Ch10
Nominal Group Technique
Definition
A structured approach to group decision making that focuses on generating alternatives and choosing one.
Term
Ch10
Devil's Advocacy
Definition
A technique for preventing groupthink in which a group or individual is given the role of critic during decision making.
Term
Ch10
Dialectical Inquiry
Definition
A debate between two opposing sets of recommendations.
Term
Ch10
Quality Circle
Definition
A small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to address work-related problems such as quality control, cost reduction, production planning and techniques, and even product design.
Term
Ch10
Quality Team
Definition
A team that is part of an organization's structure and is empowered to act on its decisions regarding product and service quality.
Term
Ch10
Participative Decision Making
Definition
Decision making in which individuals who are affected by decisions influence the making of those decisions.
Term
Ch11
Power
Definition
The ability to influence another person.
Term
Ch11
Influence
Definition
The process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, and feelings of another person.
Term
Ch11
Authority
Definition
The right to influence another person.
Term
Zone of Indifference
Definition
The range in which attempts to influence a person will be perceived as legitimate and will be acted on without a great deal of thought.
Term
Ch11
Reward Power
Definition
Power based on an agent's ability to control rewards that a target wants.
Term
Ch11
Coercive Power
Definition
Power that is based on an agent's ability to cause an unpleasant experience for a target.
Term
Ch11
Legitimate Power
Definition
Power that is based on position and mutual agreement; agent and target agree that the agent has the right to influence the target.
Term
Ch11
Referent Power
Definition
An elusive power that is based on interpersonal attraction.
Term
Ch11
Expert Power
Definition
The power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that the target needs.
Term
Ch11
Strategic Contingencies
Definition
Activities that other groups depend on in order to complete their tasks.
Term
Ch11
Information Power
Definition
Access to and control over important information.
Term
Ch11
Personal Power
Definition
Power used for personal gain.
Term
Ch12
Leadership Grid
Definition
An approach to understanding a leader's or manager's concern for results (production) and concern for people.
Term
Ch12
Organization Man Manager (5,5)
Definition
A middle-of-the-road leader.
Term
Ch12
Authority-Compliance Manager (1,9)
Definition
A leader who emphasizes efficient production.
Term
Ch12
Country Club Manager (1,9)
Definition
A leader who has great concern for people and little concern for production, attempts to avoid conflict, and seeks to be well liked.
Term
Ch12
Team Manager (9,9)
Definition
A leader who builds a highly productive team of committed people.
Term
Ch12
Impoverished Manager (1,1)
Definition
A leader who exerts just enough effort to get by.
Term
Ch12
Paternalistic "father knows best" Manager (9+9)
Definition
A leader who promises reward and threatens punishment.
Term
Ch12
Opportunistic "what's in it for me" Manager (OpP)
Definition
A leader who uses whichever style will maximize self-benefit.
Term
Ch12
Least Preferred Coworker (LPC)
Definition
The single person a leader has least preferred to work with.
Term
Ch12
Task Structure
Definition
The degree of clarity, or ambiguity, in the work activities assigned to the group.
Term
Ch12
Position Power
Definition
The authority associated with the leader's formal position in the organization.
Term
Ch12
Leader-Member Relations
Definition
The quality of interpersonal relationships among a leader and the group members.
Term
Ch12
Charismatic Leadership
Definition
A leader;s use of personal abilities and talents in order to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers.
Term
Ch12
Followership
Definition
The process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment.
Term
Ch12
Leadership
Definition
The process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment.
Term
Ch12
Formal Leadership
Definition
Officially sanctioned leadership based on the authority of a formal position.
Term
Ch12
Informal Leadership
Definition
Unofficial leadership accorded to a person by other members of the organization.
Term
Ch12
Leader
Definition
An advocate for change and new approaches to problems.
Term
Ch12
Manager
Definition
An advocate for stability and the status quo.
Term
Ch12
Autocratic Style
Definition
A style of leadership in which the leader uses strong, directive actions to control the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships in the work place.
Term
Ch12
Democratic Style
Definition
A style of leadership in which the leader uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct the work and work environment.
Term
Ch12
Laissez-Faire Style
Definition
A style of leadership in which the leadership has a hands-off approach.
Term
Ch12
Initiating Structure
Definition
Leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles, as well as establishing clear patterns of organization, communication, and ways of getting things done.
Term
Ch12
Consideration
Definition
Leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust and interpersonal respect within the work unit.
Term
Ch11
Social Power
Definition
Power used to create motivation or to accomplish group goals.
Term
Ch11
Powerlessness
Definition
A lack of power.
Term
Ch11
Organizational Politics
Definition
The use of power and influence in organizations.
Term
Ch11
Political Skill
Definition
The ability to get things done through favorable interpersonal relationships outside of formally prescribed organizational mechanisms,
Term
Ch11
Political Behavior
Definition
Actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one's personal goals.
Term
Ch11
Empowerment
Definition
Sharing power in such a way that individuals learn to believe in their ability to do the job.
Term
Ch13
Functional Conflict-
Dysfunctional Conflict-
Definition
Functional-A healthy, constructive disagreement between two or more people.
Dys- An unhealthy, destructive disagreement between two or more people.
Term
Ch13
Jurisdictional Ambiguity
Definition
The presence of unclear lines of responsibility within an organization.
Term
Ch13
Inter-organizational Conflict-
Inter-group Conflict-
Intra-group Conflict-
Intra-personal Conflict-
Inter-role Conflict-
Intra-role Conflict-
Person-role Conflict-
Inter-personal Conflict-
Definition
Inter-Org- occurs between 2+ organizations
Inter-Group- between groups or teams in an organizations
Intra-Group- occurs within groups or teams
Intra-Personal- occurs within an individual
Inter-Role- A person's experience of conflict among the multiple roles in his own life.
Intra-Role- within a single role, such as when a person receives conflicting messages from role senders about how to perform a certain role.
Person-Role- when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his personal values.
Inter-Personal- between two or more individuals
Term
Ch13
Fixation
Definition
An aggressive mechanism in which an individual keeps up a dysfunctional behavior that obviously will not solve the conflict.
Term
Ch13
Displacement
Definition
An aggressive mechanism in which an individual directs his anger towards someone who is not the source of the conflict.
Term
Ch13
Negativism
Definition
An aggressive mechanism in which a person responds with pessimism to any attempt at solving a problem.
Term
Ch13
Compensation
Definition
A compromise mechanism in which an individual attempts to make up for a negative situation by devoting himself to another pursuit with increased vigor.
Term
Ch13
Identification
Definition
A compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns his behavior after another's.
Term
Ch13
Rationalization
Definition
A compromise mechanism characterized by trying to justify one's behavior by constructing bogus reasons for it.
Term
Ch13
Flight/Withdrawal
Definition
A withdrawal mechanism that entails physically escaping (flight) or psychologically escaping (withdrawal) a conflict.
Term
Ch13
Conversion
Definition
A withdrawal mechanism in which emotional conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms.
Term
Ch13
Fantasy
Definition
A withdrawal mechanism that provides an escape from a conflict through daydreaming.
Term
Ch13
Nonaction
Definition
Doing nothing in hopes that a conflict will disappear.
Term
Ch13
Secrecy
Definition
Attempting to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create a conflict.
Term
Ch13
Administrative Orbiting
Definition
Delaying action on a conflict by buying time.
Term
Ch13
Due Process Nonaction
Definition
A procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it.
Term
Ch13
Character Assassination
Definition
An attempt to label or discredit an opponent.
Term
Ch13
Superordinate Goal
Definition
An organizational goal that is more important to both parties in a conflict than their individual or group goals.
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