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MGT 300 Exam 1
MGT 300 Exam, Eloise Mintz Fall 2013
85
Management
Undergraduate 2
09/14/2013

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Term
organizational environment
Definition
all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization
competitors, resources, technology, economic conditions
Term
general environment
Definition
indirectly affects the organization
social, economic, legal/political, international, natural, and technological factors
Term
task environment
Definition
directly affects the organization
customers, competitors, suppliers, labor market
Term
pressure groups
Definition
work within the legal-political framework to influence companies to behave in socially responsible ways
Term
internal environemnt
Definition
all elements within the organization's boundaries
symbols, stories, heroes, slogans, ceremony
Term
mergers
Definition
two or more organizations combine to become one
Term
joint venture
Definition
strategic alliance or program by two or more organizations
Term
4 types of organizational culture
Definition
adaptability culture
achievement culture
involvement culture
consistency culture
Term
adaptability culture
Definition
emerges in an environment that requires fast response and high-risk decision making
employees have autonomy to make decisions and act freely
reward creativity, experimentation, and risk-taking
Term
achievement culture
Definition
concerned with serving specific customers in the external environment but without the intense need for flexibility and rapid change
value competitiveness, aggressiveness, and willingness to work long and hard to achieve results
Term
involvement culture
Definition
emphasizes an internal focus on the involvement and participation of employees to adapt rapidly to changing needs from the environment
more like a family
values meeting needs of employees, cooperation, and consideration of both employees and customers
Term
consistency culture
Definition
uses an internal focus and consistency orientation for a stable environment
mangers prefer employees to be methodical, rational, and orderly
value following the rules, being cost conscious
Term
factor that increases a company's value the most
Definition
people and how they are treated
Term
cultural leader
Definition
defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture
Term
Douglas McGregor
Definition
tried to find the style managers have in the workplace
Term
Theory X
Definition
authoritarian style
the average person dislikes work
employees avoid work if they can
as a result, people must be forced with the threat of punishment attached to get the work done
the average person prefers to be directed
relatively not ambitious
want security above all else
Term
Theory X Manager
Definition
results driven
issues deadlines/ultimatums
distant/detached from employees
aloof/arrogant
displays a short temper
issues threats to make people follow instructions
doesn't use team building
unconcerned about your welfare
antisocial, doesn't say please or thank you
always blames others
Term
Theory Y
Definition
participatory style
effort and work is as natural as play
assume people will have self-control and self-direction
seeks responsibility
high degree of thinking, creativity, imagination
lasseiz-faire
Term
Theory Z
Definition
Ouchi
little bit of both styles
Term
globalizatoin
Definition
the extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries
Term
stages of globalization
Definition
domestic, international, multinational, global
Term
offshoring/global outsourcing
Definition
seek cheaper resources such as materials or offshore labor
includes exporting, licensing, and direct investing
Term
market entry strategy
Definition
various tactics managers use to enter foreign markets
Term
exporting
Definition
the company maintains its production facilities within the home nation and transfers its products for sale in foreign countries
Term
countertrade
Definition
the barter of products for products rather than the sale of products for money
Term
global outsourcing
Definition
engaging in the international division of labor so that work activities can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and supplies
Term
international management
Definition
the management of business operations conducted in more than one country
Term
basic management functions
Definition
planning
organizing
leading
controlling
Term
infrastructure
Definition
physical facilities such as highways, airports, utilities, and telephone lines that support economic activities
Term
political risk
Definition
the risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or actions by host governments
Term
political instability
Definition
riots, revolutions, civil disorders, and frequent changes in government
Term
Hofstede's Value Dimensions
Definition
Power Distances
Individualism
Masculinity
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long Term Orientation
Indulgence vs. Restraint
Term
OB
Definition
organizational behavior
Term
HR
Definition
human resources
Term
management
Definition
the obtainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through
planning
organizing
leading
controlling
Term
4 functions of MGT
Definition
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Term
span of management/control
Definition
how many people you are in charge of
Term
open systems theory
Definition
organizations effect the external environment in which they operate and vice versa
organizations do not operate in a vacuum
Term
goal of management
Definition
synergy
sum total of the system is greater than its individual units
Term
performance
Definition
sum of productivity
Term
contingency view
Definition
recognizes the cause and effect of each managerial decision
Term
organization
Definition
a social entity that is goal-directed and deliberately structured
Term
5 tasks managers do in any company
Definition
set goals
organize work activities
motivate/communicate with employees
measure performance
assist and develop people as necessary
Term
STR
Definition
strategies
Term
OD
Definition
organizational development
Term
ENT
Definition
Entrepreneurship
Term
MT
Definition
Management Theory
Term
5 Subfields of MGTs
Definition
HR
STR
OB
OD
ENT
MT
Term
scientific management
Definition
improving efficiency through scientific studies
Term
administrative management
Definition
management can be applied to any organization
Term
soldiering
Definition
intentional slow down of work by workers to mislead managers on how fast work could be done
Term
difference between manager and employee
Definition
manager in charge of self AND others
works in an interdependent manner
generalist (vs. specialist)
Term
old vs new workplace
Definition
work is often virtual
lower-level employees empowered to make decisions
free-flowing and flexible
Term
uncertainty avoidance
Definition
members feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity
Jamaica has Low Uncertainty Avoidance
Term
systems thinking
Definition
the ability to see distinct elements of a system/situation and the interaction among elements
relationship among parts forms a whole system
Term
corporate culture
Definition
the set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by members of an organization
Term
4 strategies for reducing uncertainty
Definition
boundary spanning
inter-organizaional partnerships
mergers
joint ventures
Term
boundary spanning
Definition
multiple people gather data about what's going on in an external environment
Term
inter-organizational partnerships
Definition
two or more companies form a partnership
Term
merger
Definition
two or more companies join into one
Term
joint venture
Definition
a new entity is created by two or more organizations
Term
3 categories of manager roles
Definition
informational
interpersonal
decisional
Term
Hofstede's Value Dimensions (+2)
Definition
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism/Collectivism
Masculinity/Femininity
Long-Term Orientation
Indulgence vs. Restraint
Term
power distance
Definition
people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and people
Term
masculinity
Definition
preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, work centrality, and material success
Term
femininity
Definition
values of cooperation, relationships, group decision making, and quality of life
Term
Global entrance strategies
Definition
Term
cultural intelligence
Definition

  a person’s ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses

Term
bottom of the pyramid
Definition
corporations can alleviate poverty and social ills while making profits
profitable responsibility is essential for sustainability
Term
international trade alliances
Definition
Term
levels of moral development
Definition
pre-conventional
conventional
post-conventional
Term
pre-conventional development
Definition
right and wrong determined by rewards/punishment
Term
conventional development
Definition
realize what you're going to do will affect someone else
avoid blame and seek approval
Term
post-conventional development
Definition
abstract notions of justice
rights of others overrides obedience to laws
Term
ethics
Definition
a code of moral standards that dictates the decisions and behaviors you make regarding what is good and bad or right and wrong
Term
utilitarian approach to ethics
Definition
ethical choice is the one that creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people
Term
individualism approach to ethics
Definition
acts are moral when they promote the individual's long-term interest
Term
moral-rights approach to ethics
Definition
human beings have fundamental rights/liberties that can't be taken away
best decisions maintain individual's rights
Term
justice approach to ethics
Definition
ethical decisions based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality
Term
corporate social responsibility
Definition
management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization
Term
approaches to ethical decision making
Definition
utilitarian approach
individualism approach
moral-rights approach
justice approach
virtue ethics approach
practical approach
Term
virtue ethics approach to ethics
Definition
moral behavior stems from personal virtues
manager behaves in a way that does not violate personal virtues
Term
practical approach to ethics
Definition
bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, with interest of all stakeholders in mind
Term
sustainability
Definition
economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current population while preserving the environment for the needs of future generations
Term
stakeholder
Definition
any group within or outside the organization that has an interest in the organization's performance
shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers
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