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mgmt chp. 7
N/A
51
Management
Undergraduate 3
02/29/2012

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Cards

Term
decision making
Definition
- is the conrnerstone of planning
- is the catalyst that drives the planning process.
- underlies every aspect of setting goals and formulating plans
Term
planning
Definition
- generic activity
- all organizations plan, but not in the same fashion
- occurs within an environmental context
- all goals require this to guide their achievement
- all goals are tied to higher goals and ???
Term
organizational goals
Definition
critical to organizational effectiveness
Term
purposes of goals
Definition
- provide guidance and a unified direction for people in the organization.
- have strong affect on the quality of other aspects of planning.
- serve as a source of motivation for employees of the organization
- provide an effective mechanism for evaluation and control
Term
evaluation and control
Definition
performance can be assessed in the future in tems of how successfully todays goals are accomplished.
Term
kinds of goals
Definition
- by level
- by area
- by time frame
Term
goals by level
Definition
- mission statement
- strategic goals
- tactical goals
- operational goals
Term
mission statement
Definition
- a statement of an organization's fundamental purpose.
Term
strategic goals
Definition
goals set by and for top management of the organization
Term
tactical goals
Definition
set by and fo middle managers; their focus is on how to operationalize actions to strategic goals.
Term
operational goals
Definition
set by and for lower-level managers to address issues associated with tactical goals.
Term
goals by area
Definition
set for different fuctional areas of the organization.
Term
goals by time frame
Definition
goals may be set for long-term, intermediate-term, or shor-term time frames and for explisit time frames or open-ended.
Term
who sets goals?
Definition
- all managers should be involved in the goals-setting process
- managerial responsibility for goal setting should correspond to the managers level in the organization.
Term
managing multiple goals
Definition
optimizing allows managers to balance and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting goals.
managers pursue one goal and exclude all others or to seek a mid range goal
Term
kinds of organizational plans
Definition
strategic
tactical
operational
Term
strategic plans
Definition
a general plan outlining resource allocation, priorities, and action steps to achieve strategic goals. the plans are set by and for top management.
Term
tactical plans
Definition
a plan aimed at achieving tactical goals and developed to implement parts of a strategic plan
Term
operational plans
Definition
plansthat have a short-term focus. thes plans are set by and for lower-level managers.
Term
time frames for planning
Definition
the time dimension of planning
long-range plans
intermediate plans
short-range plans
Term
the time dimension of planning
Definition
is based on the principle of commitment. Planning must provide suffiient time to fulfill the managerial commitments involved.
Term
long-range plans
Definition
- a plan that covers many years, perhaps even decades; common long-range plans are for five years or more
- time span differs from organization to organization
Term
intermediate plans
Definition
- usually cover from 1 to 5 years and parallel tactical plans.
- are the principle focus of organizational planning efforts.
Term
short-range plans
Definition
have a time frame of one year or less
include action plans and reaction (contingency) plans.
Term
responsibilities for planning
Definition
-planning staff
- planning task force
- board of directors
- chief executive officer
- executive committee
- line management
Term
planning staff
Definition
- personnel gather information, coordinate planning activities, and take a broader view than individual managers.
Term
planning task force
Definition
created when the organization wants a special circumstance addressed.
short term come together for task, complete, break up
Term
board of directors
Definition

establishes corporate mission and strategy 

may engage in strategic planning

some companies they take an active role in the planning process others they select competent chief executive and delegate planning to that individual.

Term
chief executive officer
Definition
usually serves as president or chair of the board of directors. has a major role in the planning process and implements the strrategy.
ceo and pres. can be different, set culture/ tone of company
Term
executive committe
Definition
composed of tope executives within the organization. meet regularly for input to the CEO and review strategic plans.
Term
Line management
Definition
persons with formal authority and responsibility for management of the organization. help to formulate strategy by providing information.
responsible for for exevuting top mgmt plans
immediate results
feedback
day to day operations
Term
ways to optimize
Definition
prioritize
reinquish goal
compromize
Term
contingency planning
Definition
the determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an intended plan is unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate
these plans help managers to cope with uncertainty and change
Term
criteria for effective goals
Definition
1. specific and measurable (increases profit by 2%)
2. cover key result areas ( financial performance, customer satisfaction)
3. challenging but realistic (30% sales from past 4 yrs)
4. define time period ( strategic sales goal over 3 yrs.)
5. linked to rewards ( pay increase, recongition).
Term
crisis management
Definition
when contingeny planning does not work
- the set of proocedures the organization uses in the event of a disaster or other unexpected calamity.
Term
types of operation plans
Definition
Single-use plan
- program
- project
standing plaing
- policy
- standard operating procedure
- rules and regulations
Term
single-use plan
Definition
developed to carry out a course of action not likely to be repeated in the future
Term
program
Definition
single-use plan for a large set of activities
Term
project
Definition
single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program
Term
standing plan
Definition
developed for activites that recur regularly over a period of time
Term
policy
Definition
standing plan specifying the organization's general respnse to a designated problem or situation
Term
standard operating procedure
Definition
standing plan outlining steps to be followed in particular circumstances
Term
rules and regulations
Definition
standing plans describing exactly how specific activites are to be carried out
Term
barriers to gaol setting and planning
Definition
as part of managing the goal-setting and planning process, managers must understand the barriers that can disrupt them. managers must also know how to overcome them.
Term
major barriers
Definition
- inappropiate goals
- improper reward system
- dynamic and complex environment
- reluctance to establish goals
- resistance to change
- constraints
Term
overcoming the barriers
Definition
- understanding the purposes of goals and planning
- communication and participation
- consistency, revision, and updating
- effective reward systems
Term
using goals to implement plans
Definition
- a formal goal-setting process such as management by objective (MBO) is an effective technique for integrating goal setting and planning by giving subordinates a voice and clarifying what they are expected to accomplish.
Term
streanths of formal goal setting (success)
Definition
- improved employee motivation
- enhances communication
- objective performance appraisals
- focuses attention on appropriate goals
- provides a systematic management philosophy.
- help identify management talent
- have to support top management for goal to work
- facilitate control of the organization
Term
weaknesses (failure) of formal goal setting
Definition
- poor implementation of the goal setting process
- lack of top-managemnet support for gaols setting
- delegation of the goal-setting process to lower leverls
- overemphasis on quantitative gaols
- too much paperwork and record keeping
Term
appollo 13 video
Definition
low oxygen high Co2
contingency plan
fix problem with what you have
Term
the organization's mission
Definition
purpose
premises
value
decisions
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