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MGMT 300 CHAPT 6
Motivation
20
Management
Undergraduate 3
06/06/2010

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Term
Motivation
Definition
set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work related effort, and determines direction.
* contingent upon performance
Term
Hands over your head excercise
Definition
1) Goal level- goal setting: how high you set a goal, striving for a hard goal= powerful
2) Self-efficacy: belief in your ability
3) Intrinsic motivation: enjoyment of the task
4)Valenced Reward: doesn't matter if its not a useful reward
5)Competition
6)Face "Average person can...." you try and beat that
7) Lottery
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
Cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses.
Term
3 beliefs of expectancy theory
Definition
1)Expectancy: belief that exerting a high level of EFFORT will result in the successful performance of some task
2)Instrumentality: belief that succesful PERFORMANCE will result in some outcomes
3)Valence- "Will the outcomes of effort and performance be satisfying? Positive or negative?
ex: Valence reward: bonuses, salary increase
Term
Self-efficacy (and 4 influences)
Definition
belief that a person has the ability to accomplish a task-specific activity...kind of self-confidence.
*Has the highest correlation to motivation

Four influences:
1)Past experiences
2)Vicarious-leadership by example
3)Verbal persuasion
4)Emotional cues
Term
Needs (we are motivated by our needs)

what are 5 types of needs?
Definition
1) Existence - need for food, shelter, safety
2)Relatedness- need to create and maintain lasting, positive, interpersonal relationships
3)Control- need to be able to predict and control one's future
4)Esteem- need to hold a high evaluation
of oneself and to feel effective and respected by others.
5)Meaning (self-actualization theory)- need to perform takss that one cares about and that appeal to one's ideals and sense of purpose.
Term
Extrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance
EXAMPLES: pay, bonuses, promotions, support etc.
Term
Intrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own remards
EXAMPLES: employment, accomplishment, knowledge gain, skill development etc.
*enjoyment of the task itself
Term
What kind of motivation is recognition?
Definition
Extrinsic
Term
What is a hygiene variable?
Definition
Variable that satisfies us or dissatisfies.
Ex: Humor, achievement vs. lack of money
Term
Why would there ever be controversy over whether intrinsic and extrinsic effect are additive?
Definition
Because you can have both, together, they represent an employee's "total motivation" and they are SYNERGISTIC
Term
Goal setting theory
Definition
Views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort.
-Theory argues that assigning employees specific and difficult goals will result in higher levels of performance than assigning no goals, easy goals, or do-your-best goals.
Term
What is a difficult/hard goal?
Definition
Goal that stretches an employee to perform at his or her maximum level while still stayin within the boundaries of his/her ability.
-Influences self-set goals
-Trigger task strategies
-Goal commitment
*If goals become impossible, self-efficacy diminishes which wipes out goal commitment.
-In learning condition, hard goals can actually hurt performance because ppl. desperately switch betwn. task strategies.
-In task performance, intensity and persistence is maximized.
Term
S.M.A.R.T goals
Definition
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-Based, and Time-Sensitive
Term
Equity Theory
Definition
Motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other ppl.
*Employees create a mental ledger of the INPUTS (contributions and investments) they put into their jobs.
* Theory also argues that you compare your ratio of outcomes and inputs to the COMPARISON OTHER.
*Any imbalance in ratios trigger EQUITY DITRESS, an internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance in ratios.
Term
Psychological empowerment
Definition
Energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose. (Intrinsic motivation)
Term
Meaningfulness
Definition
Captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's ideals/passions.
Term
Self-determination
Definition
sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of works tasks.
Term
Competence
Definition
captures a person's belief in his or her capability to perform work task succesfully....WTF THIS IS THE SAME THING AS SELF-EFFICACY!
Term
Motivation correlations to job performance and organizational commitment....
Definition
Motivation has a strong positive effect on job perf. and moderate positive effect on organizational commitment
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