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MERGINESS apush 13-14
TEST tmrw!!
147
History
10th Grade
02/15/2012

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Cards

Term
What percentage of eligible voters did so in 1824? 1828? 1840?
Definition
25%, 50%, 78%
Term
In 1824:
What two candidates shared a vp?
Who was he?
Definition
Adams, Jackson...John C. Calhoun
Term
V/F: All of the 1824 nominees identified as Democrats
Definition
falsum. Republicans
Term
Why was William Crawford thrown out of the running in 1824?
Definition
suffered a stroke shortly after elections
Term
How did JQ Adams win the presidency?
Definition
-Jackson didn't get the electoral majority
-Went to House
-Clay was now out of the running, and used Speaker of the House powers to influence election BECAUSE
-they were archrivals for allegiance of the west
-him and Adams were both passionate about nationalism and the American system
Term
What was the incident between the Jackson/Adams/Clay/House of Reps election called?
Definition
"Corrupt Bargain"
Term
Who was a famous protester of the "corrupt bargain" that was challenged to a duel by Clay?
Definition
Rudolph
Term
-Who was the first "minority president"?
-W/o a college education?
-born in America?
Definition
-Adams
-Washington (THEN Jackson)
-Van Beuren
Term
Why was it bad that Adams refused to kick out efficient officeholders?
Definition
Supporters got mad that they didn't have gov't positions, lost support
Term
What was in Adams' first State of the Union address?
What was wrong with it?
Definition
-roads and canals to be built
-no fed involvement!
-national university
-astronomical observatory
-seemed frivolous
-meant more tariffs
Term
What were the two predominant political parties of 1828? Who lead each? NAME TREES
Definition
-National Republicans - Adams (oak)
-Democratic-Republicans - Jackson (hickory)
Term
What were mudslings used against Jackson in the campaign of 1828?
Definition
-Mother=prostitute
-wife=whore (divorce scandal)
-coffin handouts talked about duels/killings
Term
What were mudslings used against Adams in the election of 1828? And in favor of Jackson?
Definition
-billiards/chess set = "gambling furniture in pres. palace."
-pimp for Russian tsar
-Jackson = log cabin (sike!)
Term
What regions of the country supported Jackson?
Adams?
Divided?
Definition
-West/South
-NE, "Better parts of Northeast"
-middle states, old northwest
Term
Where was Andrew Jackson born?
Definition
Carolinas
Term
What was the name of Jackson's mansion?
Definition
Hermitage
Term
What was the name for the event that took place at Jackson's inauguration?
Definition
"inaugural brawl"
Term
Define: Spoils system
What was Jackson's argument(s) for it?
Definition
-people awarded public office for loyalty, not necessarily obedience (spoils of the enemy)
-routine of office is easy enough to learn quickly, and better than development of bureaucratic office holding class
Term
Who was the first person to steal $1,000,000 from the US gov't? What was his occupation?
(BTW: NICE GOING JACKSON)
Definition
-Samuel Swartwout
-Customs collector in NY
(fled to England)
Term
Why were protective tariffs good and bad?
Definition
-protected American manufacturers
-hurt people buying stuff--> also retaliation taxes abroad
Term
V/F: Daniel Webster supported tariffs
Definition
verum
Term
In what year did the Jacksonians try to pass a tariff bill that backfired?
Definition
1828
Term
What was the nickname for South Carolina?
Definition
"The Palmetto State"
Term
Who was the slave that led an 1822 Charleston rebellion?
Definition
Denmark Vesey
Term
Who wrote The South Carolina Exposition? What did it call for?
Definition
Calhoun, nullification of tariffs
Term
How was war w/ South Carolina avoided?
Definition
Henry Clay stepped in to help negotiate - did not want a military victory for Jackson
Term
What was the name of the bill that said that Jackson could use the army and navy to collect duties?
Definition
Force Bill
Term
Define: Columbia Congress
Definition
-SC agrees to repeal nullification, but puts it on Force Bill instead
Term
Name a society made to Christianize NAs
Definition
The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians
Term
How much $ did the gov't shell out to promote NA literacy?
Definition
$20,000
Term
What were the Five Civilized Tribes?
Definition
-Creeks
-Cherokees
-Chickasaws
-Choctaws
-Seminoles
Term
What was GA's reaction to NAs trying to be more "civilized"?
Definition
declared Cherokee council illegal, not held up by Supreme court
Term
What was the Indian Removal Act?
Definition
NAs were to go to established Indian territory, allegedly free of white enroachment (only for 15 yrs)
Term
What were 3 NA tribes that resisted the Indian Removal Act?
Name a leader among them
Definition
Fox, Sauk, Seminoles-->Osceola
Term
Name two people that fought the NA tribes resisting the Indian Removal Act
Definition
Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln
Term
Why did the Bank of US have so much economical control?
Definition
-Controlled currency...of gold/silver, not paper
Term
Who was the president of the Bank of the US?
Definition
Nicholas Biddle
Term
Describe the Bank War
Definition
-US Bank's charter set to expire in 1836
-Clay tried to renew it in 1832 to make it an election issue
-If Jackson passed it, he would lose his supporters, but if he vetoed it, he'd lose the rich vote
-Jackson vetoed it, saying the bank was unconstitutional
Term
Describe the Anti-Masonic Party...when did they form?
Definition
-Election of 1832
-"we hate Jackson but like his policies" party
-disappearance/probable murder of Mason secret teller
-condemned secret societies, privilege, mnopoly
-attracted religious-political reformers
Term
What was special about the election of 1832? (3)
Definition
-3rd pol. party
-Nat'l convention to name candidates
-adopted formal platforms
-lots of money from US Bank to support campaigns
-bought off newspaper editors
Term
How did Jackson handle Biddle's trying to extend the Bank's expiration date?
Definition
-Took reserves out of fed bank, put into "pet banks"
Term
Name: Jackson's legislature that ditched flaky paper currency for only paper money
Definition
Specie Circular
Term
Who faced off in the election of 1836?
What parties did they belong to?
Who won?
Definition
Van Beuren v Harrison
Democrat-Republican v Whig
Term
V/F: Harrison was criticized for being a "coattail president"
Definition
falsum - that was Van Beuren
Term
In 1837, there was a rebellion HERE that threatened war w/ Britian
Definition
Canada
Term
What caused the panic of 1837?
Definition
-overspeculation
-get-rich-quickism
-bank war
-specie circular
-failures of wheat crops
Term
where was there a massive protest of wheat prices affected by the panic of 1837?
Definition
NY
Term
How did events in Europe influence the Panic of 1837?
Definition
Two prominent British banks closed, creditors called for loans to be repaid
Term
What was the Divorce Bill?
Definition
AKA Independent Treasury Bill
-Put fed deposits into independent treasury, not in banks
-Dems liked the pet banks better, but still supported the bill
-Whigs just wanted their nat'l bank
Term
Mexico sold a huge chunk of land to THIS MAN, on the conditions that...
Definition
-Stepeh Austin
-Bring 300 Amer families that are Roman Catholic and promptly Mexicanized
Term
By 1835, how many Texan Americans wre there?
Definition
Abt 30,000
Term
Name two famous escapees to Texas
Definition
Davy Crockett (rifleman), Jim Bowie (Arkansas toothpick)
Term
Who led Texas in their war w/ Mexico and general affairs?
Definition
Sam Houston (aka "Big Drunk")
Term
Who was a Texan commander that refused to surrender to Santa Anna?
Definition
WB Travis
Term
Who won at the Alamo?
Definition
Santa Anna
Term
How did Houston beat Santa Anna?
Definition
Took advantage of siesta
Term
What were the conditions of Santa Anna's treaty that he rejected later? (Why did he do so?)
Definition
-Rio Grande= border
-withdraw troops
-"under duress'
Term
why didn't people want to annex Texas?
Definition
slavery issue
Term
Who was Harrison's running mate?
Definition
John Tyler
Term
V/F: WH Harrison came from one of the Five Families of Virginia
Definition
verum
Term
Who was the first president born beyond the Appalachians?
Definition
Jackson
Term
Why did frontier life suck for women? men? in general?
Definition
women: left alone in tiny cabins
men: fierce, deathly fighting
everyone: disease, depression, death were abundant
Term
Famous authors during the frontier age?
Why so?
Definition
Emerson (esp. Self Reliance)
James Fenimore Cooper
Natty Bumppo
Herman Melville

Represented "rugged individualism"
Term
Define: Kentucky bluegrass
Definition
-when cane was burned off, ideal livestock food (Kentucky bluegrass) formed
Term
What was the empire-building system for fur trappers called? Explain in more detail?
Definition
rendezvous system - manufacturers came out, waited for trappers, traded goods
Term
What were two animals that fur trappers caught that went in/out of style (as in extinct)?
Definition
beavers, then buffalo
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
George Catlin
Definition
American painter, author who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West.
Term
during the frontier period, the population doubled every ___ yrs
Definition
25
Term
during the frontier period, the US was the ___ most populous state
Definition
4th
Term
What was NY's nickname?
New Orleans?
Chicago?
Definition
metropolis
queen of the south
hog butcher for world
Term
what did over rapid urbanization bring?
Definition
-smelly slums/sewage/rats/garbage
-impure water
-poor policing
Term
What city pioneered the sewage system?
Underground piping?
Definition
Boston
New YOrk
Term
How many Irish immigrants came over during the frontier period? Germans?
Definition
1.5 mil each, approx.
Term
during the frontier period, how many European immigrants moved to the US? Not the US?
Definition
35/25 mil
Term
Why was America so nice for immigrants?
Definition
-no castes
-no established church
-low taxes
-no compulsory military service
-"three meat meals a day"
-come speedily w/ steam ships
Term
during the frontier period, why was there a huge influx of Irish immigrants?
Where did they go?
Who didn't like them?
Definition
-potato crop rotted
-cities (too poor for west)
-stuffy Protestant Bostonians
Term
What was a common name for Irish kitchen maids and canal/railroad workers?
Definition
Biddies and Patricks
Term
What does "NINA" stand for and why was it common?
Definition
-No Irish Need Apply
-They depressed wages
Term
V/F: The Irish resented blacks, with whom they shared society's basement
Definition
verum
Term
What was the name of the semisecret Irish society that fought corrupt landlords?
Definition
Ancient Order of Hibernians
Term
What was the name of the Irish miner's union from PA?
Definition
Molly Maguires
Term
Define: Tammany Hall
Definition
Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Carl Schurz
Definition
Important German immigrant politician
Term
What state in the midwest took many German immigrants?
Definition
Wisconsin
Term
Name some German contributions to society
Definition
Conestoga wagon, Kentucky rifle, Christmas tree, kindergarten, bier
Term
why were Germans not as politically potent?
Definition
scattered
Term
what fueled temperance when the German immigrants came?
Definition
unaffected by Sabbath, drank a lot!!!
Term
Germans and Irish tended to be WHAT religion?
Definition
Roman Catholic
Term
V/F: Presbyterians made their own (expensive) school system
Definition
falsum. Roman Catholics
Term
What were the top 5 religions during the 1840s?
Definition
Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Roman Catholics
Term
Name some societies that published xenophobic propaganda
name an example of the propaganda
Definition
-"order of the star-spangled banner"
-Maria Monk's "Awful Disclosure"
Term
In 1844, who fought back against the nativists?
Definition
Irish
Term
In 1850, a group of inventors of WHAT ethnicity perfect machines to mass produce textiles?
Why did this take so long to reach America?
Definition
-British
-land was so cheap, didn't want to be cooped up in factories...UNTIL influx of immigrants
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Samuel Slater
Definition
-father of American factory system
-stole cotton thread spinning machine from British
-won financial support of Moses Brown
Term
Who invented the cotton gin?
How much more effective was it than hand picking?
V/F: This killed slavery debate
Definition
N-Eli Whitney
-50x
-nope. it only revitalized it
Term
What river in NE helped shipping/factories?
Definition
the Merrimack (MA)
Term
Who made interchangeable gun parts?
What'd this do?
Definition
-Eli Whitney
-mass factory line production of firearms
Term
Who made/perfected the sewing machine? (2 people)
Definition
Elias Howe/Isaac Singer
Term
How much $ did Samuel Morse get from Congress?
What was his message?
Definition
-$30,000
-"What Hath God Wrought?"
Term
what were some examples of issues w/ child labor in factories?
Definition
-"whipping rooms"
-samuel slater's mill
Term
V/F: the life of an adult worker improved under Jacksonian democracy
Definition
verum
Term
what were some desires of the factory workers?
which one caused the most debate? why?
Definition
-10 hr workday
-higher wages
-tolerable working conditions
-public education for kids
-no imprisonment for debt

-10 hr workday - lessen production, devil minds! (Van Bueren said it was okay though)
Term
By 1830, there were HOW many unionists?
Definition
300,000
Term
What was the case that ruled labor unions legal?
Definition
Commonwealth v Hunt
Term
Who were strikebreakers?
Definition
fresh immigrants, typically, used to keep company going while people starve w/o jobs
Term
The factory girls...
worked __ days a week
__ hrs a day
were/were not typical? supervised?
Definition
6
13
not
supervised
Term
What were other opportunities that women had for self-support?
Definition
-nursing
-domestic servant
-teaching
Term
1 in _ families employed domestic service in the 1840s
Definition
10
Term
NAME THAT LADY
Told girls to be teachers
Definition
Catherine Beecher
Term
_% of women worked outside the home in the 1840s? Before marriage?
Definition
10
20
Term
What was the 1840 equivalent of republican motherhood?
Definition
cult of domesticity
Term
V/F: love became more of a factor in marriage in the 1840s. What did this do?
Definition
-yes
-made more tight-knit families
Term
Did the fertility rate go up or down?
Definition
up
Term
Why did European parents think Americans were brats?
Definition
spared the rod
Term
Define: drop in fertility rate kind of empowering women
Definition
domestic feminism
Term
how did the trans-Allegheny region prosper?
Definition
-grew tons of corn
-fed it to hogs
-"porkopolis"
Term
Who invented the steel plow?
Definition
John Deere
(horses, not oxes pulled it)
Term
Who invented the mechanical mower-reaper?
What'd it do?
Definition
-Cyrus McCormick
-work of 5 men AND
-turned west from subsistence to cash crop, then market economy, then wanted to trade w/ NE
Term
What was the first major turnpike called?
How long is it?
Definition
Lancaster Turnpike
62 mi long
Term
How much did Lancaster Turnpike stockholders receive in annual dividends?
Definition
15%
Term
how long did the turnpike-building boom last?
Definition
20 yrs
Term
Why was western road building (besides the cost) running into many obstacles?
What stopped this?
Definition
-states' righters didn't like fed aid for internal improvements
-National Road/Cumberland Road
Term
What halted the Cumberland Road construction to 1852?
Definition
war of 1812, then states' righters again
Term
Who invented the steamboat?
What was the first one called? What did posterity call it?
Definition
-Robert Fulton
-Fulton's Folly
-Clermont
Term
What is the name of the infamous steamboat that killed passengers in 1865?
Definition
Sultana
Term
Why did NY have to build the Erie Canal?
What does it do? (Geography)
-who was the leader of the project?
Definition
-states' righters cut off federal aid
-link great lakes w/ Hudson, cut shipping cost ($100-->$5)
-Governor DeWitt Clinton ("Clinton's Big Ditch")
Term
What were the adverse effects of the Erie Canal?
Definition
some couldn't compete w/ NY prices
Term
When was the first railroad built?
Definition
1828
Term
By 1860, how many miles of railroad track existed?
Definition
30,000
Term
Why didn't some people like railroads at first?
What were some difficulties about them?
Definition
-people trying to protect steamboat investment
-sparks could set fire to nearby haystacks

-feeble brakes
-arrivals/departures=conjectural
-gauge differences=many train changes
-(were fixed)
Term
define: Pullman "sleeping palace"
Definition
trains that you could sleep in (not so many train changes w/ less gauge difference)
Term
Who is Cyrus Field?
Definition
stretched a cable from Newfoundland to Ireland
Term
Name a pioneer American steamship that was pursued by a British captain
Definition
Savannah
Term
Name a Yankee naval yard that made clipper ships
Definition
Donald McKay's
Term
V/F: the clipper boats sacrificed speed for space
Definition
falsum. other way around
Term
why did clippers die out?
Definition
iron tramp steamers ("teakettles") of British
Term
What story (by who???) immortalized the Far West's period of THIS type of transportation???
Definition
Mark Twain's "Roughing It"
horse-drawn overland stagecoaches
Term
THIS mail service could get from St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA in 10 days
How long did it last?
Definition
the Pony Express
18 months
Term
Why did the Pony Express die out?
Definition
Samuel Morse's clacking keys
Term
v/f: the transportation revolution eased traffic on the Mississippi
Definition
verum
Term
What was each region's niche?
Definition
South-->make cotton for NE and Britain
-West-->grow grain and livestock for factory workers in East, Europe
-East-->make textiles for South and West
Term
What were some questions aroused by greater mechanization?
Definition
How tightly should patents protect inventions?
Should the government regulate monopolies?
Who should own the technologies and networks that make US run?
Term
How did Marshall impact the Industrial Revolution?
Definition
-protected contract rights
-state gov'ts could not impose revocable charters
-Roger B Taney took over for him in 1835, not as much so...
Term
Define:
Boston Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge
Definition
Charles said unconstitutionally violating original contract
Taney sided w/ Warren, saying rights of community were more important
Term
v/f: states OMG gave people "limited liability" if they missed their payments once or twice
Definition
falsum. it's for bankruptcy
Term
Who is a the famous millionaire fur-trader worth HOW much?
Definition
-John Jacob Astor
-$30 million
Term
how much (%age) did wages rise/yr from 1820-->60?
Definition
1%
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