Shared Flashcard Set

Details

BMS exam1
N/A
26
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
01/27/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fluid Deficit [Hypovolemia]

S&S
Definition
• ↓ body temp, blood pressure, urinary output
[oliguria], weight
• ↑ HR, RR, Hct, Hgb, RBCs
• Weak pulse, weakness
• Dry, mucous membrane
• Flushed, dry skin
• Low-grade fever
• Dry furrowed tongue
• Dizziness
• Hemoconcentration
Term
Fluid Excess [Hypervolemia]

S&S
Definition
• Mental changes
• Weight gain
• Edema
• Jugular vein distention
• Bounding pulse
• Tachycardia
• Congested breathe sounds
• ↓ Hct, BUN, electrolytes, and creatinine
• Dyspnea [Orthopnea]
• Skin pale and cool to touch
Term
Insensible water loss:
-define
Definition
Water loss from the skin, lungs, and stool is called insensible water loss, because the body has no mechanisms to control this loss.
Term
Name some situations that can cause "insensible water loss"
Definition
• Trauma
• Burns
• Fever
• Hot and dry environment
• Thyroid crisis
• Extreme stress
Term
Isotonic Solution
Definition
• has the same osmolarity as serum and other body
fluids
• Expands the intravascular compartment only
• Used for patients who are hypotensive due to
hypovolemia
• Ex: Lactated Ringers, Normal Saline
Term
The two most important areas to monitor during rehydration are pulse rate and quality and urine output.
Definition
Term
Define: Electrolytes [Ions]
Definition
Substances in the body fluids that carry an electrical charge
Term
Define:
-Cations
-Anions
Definition
-Cations are ions that have positive charges
-Anions are ions that have negative charges
Term
Define: Obligatory urine output
Definition
The minimum amount of urine per day needed to excrete toxic waste product [400 to 600 ml/per day]
Term
The minimum output per hour the kidneys can excrete is:
Definition
30 ml/ hour
Term
Potassium: Hypokalemia- What to assess first

3.5-5.0
Definition
Respiratory statys should be assessed first in any patient who might have hypokalemia.
-RR [above 12 bpm]
-Pulse ox [96-100%]
Term
Hypokalemia: S&S

<2.5
Definition
-Respiratory distress
-Irregular pulse
-Weakness to the point of respiratory collapse and paralysis
-Polyuria
-Malaise
-Thirst
Term
Hyperkalemia: S&S

<6.5
*potassium slows down the HR
Definition
-Restlessness
-Weakness
-Cramps
-Oliguria
-Cardiac arrhythmias
Term
1. Major CATION of INTRACELLULAR FLUID
2. Major CATION of EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
3. Major ANION of EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
4. Major ANION on INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Definition
1. Potassium
2. Sodium
3. Chloride
4. Phosphorus
Term
Hypernatremia: S&S
Definition
-Restlessness
-Intense thirst
-Swollen tongue
-Seizures
-Coma
Term
Urine Specific Gravity: Increases versus Decreases

1.002-1.035
Definition
>Increases [think fluid loss]
-Dehydration
-Diarrhea
-Excessive Sweating
-Glucose-urea
-Renal Artery Stenosis [high blood pressure due to narrowing of the arteries]

>Decrease
-Renal Failure
-Excessive fluid intake
Term
Hypocalcemia: S&S
Definition
-Positive Chvostek's sign [tapping on facial nerve triggering facial twitching]
-Positive Trousseau's sign [hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation]
-Muscle twitches
-Numbness in extremities
Term
Decrease in serum phosphorous levels cause _____ in serum calcium levels
Definition
Increase
Term
Risk factors for Hyponatremia:
Definition
-Edema [most common]
-Excessive fluid intake [of non electrolytes]
-Excessive hypotonic IV fluid intake
-NPO status [inadequate sodium intake]
Term
Risk factors for Hypernatremia:
Definition
-NPO [water deprivation]
-Renal failure
-Crushing Syndrome
-Glucicirticosteriods
-Watery diarrhea
Term
1 L=2.2 pounds= 1 kg
Definition
Term
Hyperglycemia: S&S

>200 [250] mg/dl
fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl on two occasions
2 hour-post prandial plasma glucose >200 mg/dl or during oral glucose tolerance test
Definition
-Polyuria [increase urination]
-Polydipsia [increased thirst]
-Polyphagia [increased hunger]
-Weight loss [seen in Type 1 as a result of: glucose loss, calorie loss, body is essentially starving]
-Fatigue
Term
When mixing a rapid- or short-acting insulin with a longer-actinginsulin, draw up the shorter-acting insulin into the syring first and then the longer-acting insulin
Definition
Term
HgbA1c

Normal non-diabetic: 4-6%
Diabetic: Below 7%
Definition
Attaches to hemoglobin and remains for the life of RBC
Term
Hypoglycemia: S&S

<60 mg/dl
Definition
-Pallor
-Diaphoresis
-Tachycardia
-Piloerection
-Sensation of coldness
-Hunger*
-H.A.
-Circumoral paresthesia [numbness around the mouth]
-Coma
-Diplopia [double vision]
Term
Fasting plasma glucose

70-110
Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!