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Memory
Memory
42
Psychology
12th Grade
03/25/2012

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Term
memory
Definition
the mental processes needed to acquire, retain, and retrieve info
Term
encoding
Definition
includes the process of acquiring and entering info into memory
Term
storage
Definition
involves maintaining the encoded info over a period of time so it can be retrieved later.
Term
retreival
Definition
refers to the process of accessing the stored info
Term
what are the three processes of memory
Definition
encoding, storage, retrieval
Term
parallel distributed processing (PDP) model
Definition
a model in which new info is integrated with existing memories, resulting in a change in a person's overall knowledge base.
Term
information processing model
Definition
model in which memory must be processed through three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
Term
visual sensory memory
Definition
also referred to as iconic memory, is retained for less than a second
Term
auditory memory
Definition
also referred to as echoic memory, tends to be retained for a few seconds
Term
short term memory
Definition
receives info from sensory memory and then uses info stored in long term memory to understand and associate the new info
Term
working memory
Definition
info that a person is actively working with in short term memory
Term
maintenance rehearsal
Definition
repeating a unit of info over and over, keeping it in short term for a longer period
Term
chunking
Definition
refers to the process of grouping individual units of info into meaningful chunks.
Term
long term memory
Definition
the warehouse that stores a limitless among of info over a period of time
Term
elaborative rehearsal
Definition
the application of personal meaning and understanding to help ensure that the info is encoded into long term memory as demonstrated through higher order thinking skills, which include application and evaluation
Term
explicit memories
Definition
involve "how to" information.
Term
episodic info
Definition
includes personal memories like your birthday or home address
Term
semantic info
Definition
involves general knowledge about your environment, like how many tires are on a car or the capital of the state you live in.
Term
implicit memories
Definition
referred to as nondeclarative memories and do not require conscious thinking, like how to tie your shoes.
Term
semantic network model
Definition
memories are stored through associations
Term
priming
Definition
a process that refers to activating and associating the strands of memories positioned in the semantic network
Term
retrieval cues
Definition
clues or hints that help trigger a long term memory
Term
serial position effect (primary and recency effect)
Definition
people have an easier time remembering things at the beginning or end of a something and forget whats in the middle
Term
encoding specificity principle
Definition
states that retrieval is more effective when retrieval conditions are similar to those that were in effect when the info was encoded or learned.
Term
context dependent memories
Definition
refers to retrieving info in the same setting in which the info was encoded
Term
mood congruence effect
Definition
when a person is in a happy mood, that person tends to think of happy memories and vice versa
Term
state dependent memory
Definition
person's internal state can also serve as a retrieval cue.
Term
flashbulb memories
Definition
very vivid memories of things with significance and personal meaning.
Term
parallel distributed processing models
Definition
suggest that semantic and episodic memories become integrated with existing info
Term
schemas
Definition
established mental representations of people, objects, and events
Term
misinformation effect
Definition
how you ask a person to recall an event could affect his or her memory of that event
Term
ebbinghaus forgetting curve
Definition
much of what is learned is quickly forgotten
Term
interference theory
Definition
suggests that memories can interfere with each other, causing info to be forgotten
Term
proactive interference
Definition
an older memory interferes with your remembering a new memory
Term
retroactive interference
Definition
a new memory interferes with your remembering an old memory
Term
suppression
Definition
is used to consciously forget info
Term
repression
Definition
is the unconscious forgetting of info
Term
decay theory
Definition
suggests that people forget memories that they are not actively using
Term
amnesia
Definition
severe memory loss
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
the inability to remember events from the past, specifically episodic memories.
Term
anterograde amnesia
Definition
the inability to from new memories
Term
mnemonics
Definition
memory aids that help organize info like acronyms or method of loci
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