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Medical Vocab Ch #21 Pharmacology
Medical Coding & Billing Word Structures & Vocab.
133
Medical
Undergraduate 1
08/26/2010

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Term
ACE inhibitor
Definition
Drug that lowers blood pressure (antihypertensive).
Term
Addiction
Definition
Physical and psychologic dependence on and craving for a drug.
Term
Additive action
Definition
Combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
Term
Aerosol
Definition
Particles of drug suspended in air.
Term
Amphetamine
Definition
Central nervous system stimulant.
Term
Analgesic
Definition
Drug that relieves pain.
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or to a foreign protein (antigen).
Term
Androgen
Definition
Male hormone.
Term
Anesthesia
Definition
Absence of nervous feeling or sensation.
Term
Anesthetic
Definition
Drug that reduces or eliminates nervous sensation.
Term
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Definition
Drug that lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.
Term
Antacid
Definition
Drug that works against acid in the stomach.
Term
Antagonistic action
Definition
Combination of two drugs gives less than the sum of the effects of each together.
Term
Antiandrogen
Definition
Drug that slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.
Term
Antiarrhythmic
Definition
Drug that treats abnormal heart rhythms.
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.
Term
Anticoagulant
Definition
Drug that prevents blood clotting.
Term
Anticonvulsant
Definition
Drug that prevents convulsions and seizures.
Term
Antidepressant
Definition
Drug that relieves symptoms of depression.
Term
Antidiabetic
Definition
Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.
Term
Antidiarrheal
Definition
Drug that prevents diarrhea.
Term
Antidote
Definition
Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.
Term
Antiemetic
Definition
Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting.
Term
Antihistamine
Definition
Drug that blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
Term
Antinauseant
Definition
Drug that relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.
Term
Antiplatelet
Definition
Drug that reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.
Term
Antipruritic
Definition
Drug that acts against itching (pruritus).
Term
Antipyretic
Definition
Drug that lowers fever.
Term
Antiulcer
Definition
Drug that inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.
Term
Antiviral
Definition
Drug that acts against viruses such as the herpes virus and HIV.
Term
Aromatase inhibitor
Definition
Drug that reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme, aromatase.
Term
Bactericidal
Definition
Pertaining to killing bacteria.
Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
Pertaining to inhibiting bacterial growth.
Term
Beta-blocker
Definition
Blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on the heart and blood vessels and thus lowers blood pressure.
Term
Bisphosphonate
Definition
Drug that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Term
Brand name
Definition
Commercial name for a drug; trade or trademark name.
Term
Bronchodilator
Definition
Agent that dilates (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm.
Term
Caffeine
Definition
Central nervous system stimulant.
Term
Calcium channel blocker
Definition
Drug that stops entrance of calcium into muscle of the heart and blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure and restores normal heart rhythm.
Term
Cardiovascular drug
Definition
Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular drugs act on the heart and blood vessels; ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers, statins.
Term
Cathartic
Definition
Drug that relieves constipation.
Term
Chemical name
Definition
Chemical formula for a drug.
Term
Chemotherapy
Definition
Treatment with drugs.
Term
Contraindication
Definition
Factor in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a particular drug or treatment.
Term
Controlled substances
Definition
Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.
Term
Diuretic
Definition
Drug that promotes or increases the production of urine (diuresis).
Term
Emetic
Definition
Drug that promotes vomiting.
Term
Endocrine drug
Definition
Pertaining to internal secretion. An endocrine drug is a hormone or hormone-like drug; androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids.
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
Antibiotic that is extracted from a red (erythr/o) mold (-mycin).
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Female hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.
Term
Gastrointestinal drug
Definition
Pertaining to the stomach and intestinal tract (intestines). Gastrointestinal drugs include antiulcer, antidiarrheal, and antacid medications.
Term
Generic name
Definition
Legal, noncommercial name for a drug.
Term
Glucocorticoid
Definition
Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces tissue inflammation.
Term
Hypnotic
Definition
Drug that promotes sleep or a trance-like state (hypnosis).
Term
Hypodermic
Definition
Pertaining to under the skin.
Term
Iatrogenic
Definition
Pertaining to a condition that is produced (-genic) by a physician or treatment (iatr/o).
Term
Idiosyncrasy
Definition
Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients.
Term
Inhalation
Definition
Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.
Term
Intrathecal
Definition
Pertaining to within the meninges or membranes surrounding the spinal cord. Drugs may be administered intrathecally.
Term
intravenous
Definition
Pertaining to within a vein.
Term
Laxative
Definition
Weak cathartic; promotes movement of feces through the colon.
Term
Medicinal chemistry
Definition
Study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between the chemical structure of a drug and its biologic effect.
Term
Molecular pharmacology
Definition
Study of the interaction of drugs and their target molecules, enzymes, or cell surface receptors.
Term
Narcotic
Definition
Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor and insensibility; morphine and opium.
Term
oral
Definition
Pertaining to the mouth
Term
Oral administration
Definition
Drugs that are given by mouth.
Term
parenteral
Definition
Pertaining to injection of drugs other than through the intestines.
Term
Parenteral administration
Definition
Drugs or nourishment are given intravenously (within a vein) and other than through the intestinal tract.
Term
Pharmacist
Definition
Specialist in preparing and dispensing drug.
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
Study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
Calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.
Term
Pharmacologist
Definition
Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
Term
Pharmacology
Definition
Study of the properties, uses and actions of drugs.
Term
Pharmacy
Definition
Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
Term
Progestin
Definition
Hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and hormone replacement therapy.
Term
Purgative
Definition
Drug that relieves constipation and is a strong cathartic.
Term
Receptor
Definition
Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
Term
Rectal administration
Definition
Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
Term
Respiratory drug
Definition
Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections that affect breathing; bronchodilators are respiratory drugs.
Term
Sedative
Definition
Mild sleep inducing agent that relaxes a patient without necessarily producing sleep.
Term
Side effect
Definition
Adverse effect that routinely results from the use of a drug.
Term
Stimulant
Definition
Drug that excites and promotes activity.
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
Pertaining to under the skin.
Term
Sublingual
Definition
Pertaining to under the tongue.
Term
Synergism
Definition
Drug action in which the combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug.
Term
synergistic
Definition
Pertaining to synergism (the drug action in which the sum of the effects of giving two drugs together is greater than that of giving each drug alone).
Term
Syringe
Definition
Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.
Term
Thyroid hormone
Definition
Secretion from the thyroid gland that stimulates cellular metabolism.
Term
Tolerance
Definition
Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve a desired effect.
Term
Topical application
Definition
Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, lotions, and creams are examples.
Term
toxic
Definition
Pertaining to poison.
Term
Toxicity
Definition
Harmful effect of a drug.
Term
toxicology
Definition
Study of poisons and the harmful effects of drugs.
Term
Tranquilizer
Definition
Drug that controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
Term
Transport
Definition
Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
Term
Vasodilator
Definition
Drug that widens blood vessels.
Term
Vitamin
Definition
Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
Term
aer/o
Definition
air
Term
alges/o
Definition
sensitivity to pain
Term
bronch/o
Definition
bronchial tube
Term
chem/o
Definition
drug
Term
cras/o
Definition
mixture
Term
cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
derm/o
Definition
skin
Term
erg/o
Definition
work
Term
esthes/o
Definition
feeling, sensation
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue
Term
hypn/o
Definition
sleep
Term
iatr/o
Definition
treatment
Term
lingu/o
Definition
tongue
Term
myc/o
Definition
mold, fungus
Term
narc/o
Definition
stupor
Term
or/o
Definition
mouth
Term
pharmac/o
Definition
drug
Term
prurit/o
Definition
itching
Term
pyret/o
Definition
fever
Term
thec/o
Definition
sheath (of brain and spinal cord)
Term
tox/o
Definition
poison
Term
toxic/o
Definition
poison
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel
Term
ven/o
Definition
vein
Term
vit/o
Definition
life
Term
ana-
Definition
upward, excessive, again
Term
anti-
Definition
against
Term
contra-
Definition
against, opposite
Term
par-
Definition
other than, apart from
Term
syn-
Definition
together, with
Term
-phylaxis
Definition
protection
Term
enter/o
Definition
intestine
Term
-amine
Definition
nitrogen-containing compound
Term
idi/o
Definition
individual, peculiar
Term
syn-
Definition
together
Term
-sol
Definition
solution
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