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Medical Vocab. #12
Language of Medicine
148
Medical
Not Applicable
04/30/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Adenoids

Definition

 

 

 

 

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

Term

Alveolus

 

 

 

 

plural: Alveoli

Definition

 

 

 

Air sac in the lung

Term

 

 

 

Apex of the Lung

Definition

 

 

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung.

 

 

 

An apex is the tip of a structure

Term

 

 

 

base of the lung

Definition

 

Lower portion of the lung;

 

from the Greek basis, foundation

 

 

 

Basilar means pertaining to the base.

Term

 

 

 

Bronchioles

Definition

 

Smallest branches of the bronchi.

 

Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

Term

Bronchus

 

 

 

plural: Bronchi

Definition

 

 

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

Term

 

Carbon dioxide

(CO2)

Definition

 

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs.

Term

 

 

 

Cilia

Definition

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung.

 

Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia.

Term
Diaphragm
Definition
Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible.
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
Term
Expiration
Definition
Breathing out (exhalation)
Term
glottis
Definition
Slit-like opening to the larynx
Term
hilium (of lung)
Definition

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.

 

 

 

Hilar means pertaing to (at) the hilium

Term
Inspiration
Definition
Breathing in (inhalation)
Term
Larynx
Definition
Voice box; containing the vocal cords
Term
Lobe
Definition
Division of a lung
Term
mediastinum
Definition
Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.
Term
Nares
Definition
Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
Term

Oxygen

(O2)

Definition
Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
Term
Palatine Tonsil
Definition

One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx.

 

palantine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth.

Term
Paranasal Sinus
Definition
One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.
Term
Parietal Pleura
Definition
Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.
Term
Pharynx
Definition
Throat: including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Term
Pleura
Definition
Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
Term
Pleural Cavity
Definition
Space between the folds of the pleura.
Term
pulmonary parenchyma
Definition
Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
Term
Respiration
Definition
Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
Term
trachea
Definition
Windpipe
Term
Visceral Pleura
Definition
Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.
Term
adenoid/o
Definition
adenoids
Term
Alveol/o
Definition

alveolus

air sac

Term

bronch/o

bronchi/o

Definition
bronchial tube, bronchus
Term
bronchiol/o
Definition

bronchiole, small bronchus

 

Term
capn/o
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
coni/o
Definition
dust
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue
Term
epiglott/o
Definition
epiglottis
Term
laryng/o
Definition
larynx, voice box
Term
lob/o
Definition
lobe of the lung
Term
mediastin/o
Definition
mediastinum
Term
nas/o
Definition
nose
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight, upright
Term
adenoidectomy
Definition
Removal of adenoids
Term
bronchospasm
Definition
Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes.
Term
Hypercapnia
Definition
Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood.
Term
Laryngitis
Definition
Inflammation of the voice box.
Term
ox/o
Definition
oxygen
Term
pector/o
Definition
Chest
Term
Pharyng/o
Definition
Pharynx, Throat
Term
Phon/o
Definition
voice
Term
phren/o
Definition
diaphragm
Term
pleur/o
Definition
pleura
Term

pneum/o

 

pneumon/o

Definition
air, lung
Term
pulmon/o
Definition
lung
Term
rhin/o
Definition
nose
Term
sinus/o
Definition
sinus, cavity
Term
spir/o
Definition
breathing
Term
tel/o
Definition
complete
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
tonsill/o
Definition
tonsils
Term
trache/o
Definition
trachea, windpipe
Term
dysphonia
Definition
difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarseness or any voice impairment
Term
phrenic nerve
Definition
nerve carrying messages from the brain to the diaphragm
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
air in the pleural cavity
Term
rhinorrhea
Definition
discharge from the nose
Term
spirometer
Definition
Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs)
Term
expiration
Definition
The expulsion of air from the lungs.
Term
atelectasis
Definition
collapsed lung
Term
thoracotomy
Definition
incision of the chest
Term
-ema
Definition
condition
Term
-osmia
Definition
smell
Term
-pnea
Definition
breathing
Term
-ptysis
Definition
spitting
Term
-sphyxia
Definition
pulse
Term
-thorax
Definition
pleural cavity, chest
Term
empyema
Definition
Pus in the pleural cavity
Term
anosmia
Definition
absence of the sense of smell
Term
apnea
Definition
stoppage of breathing
Term
dyspnea
Definition
difficulty breathing
Term
hemoptysis
Definition
spitting up blood
Term
hemothorax
Definition
blood in the pleural cavity
Term
pyothorax
Definition
pus in the pleural cavity
Term
auscultation
Definition
Listening to sounds within the body.
Term
Percussion
Definition
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
Term

pleural rub

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

also called a friction rub

Definition
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
Term
rales (crackles)
Definition
Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.
Term

rhonchi

 

 

 

 

 

singular: rhonchus

Definition
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
Term
Sputum
Definition
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
Term
Purulent
Definition
containg pus
Term
stridor
Definition
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Term
Wheezes
Definition
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
Term
croup
Definition
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.
Term
diphtheria
Definition
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (corynebacterium)
Term
epistaxis
Definition
Nosebleed
Term
pertussis
Definition
Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
Term
Paroxysmal
Definition
Violent, sudden
Term
asthma
Definition
Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production.
Term
bronchiectasis
Definition
Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
Term
Chronic bronchitis
Definition
Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Term

Cystic Fibrosis

(CF)

Definition
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
Term
atelectasis
Definition
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
Term
emphysema
Definition
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
Term
Lung Cancer
Definition
Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
Term
NSCLC
Definition

non-small cell lung cancer

 

 

 

Two main types:

Adenocarcinoma (derived from mucus-secreting cells)

and

Squamous cell carcinoma (derived from the lining cells of the upper airway)

 

 

Term
SCLC
Definition

small cell lung cancer

 

 

derived from small, round ("oat" cells) cells found in pulmonary epithelium.

Term
pneumoconiosis
Definition
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis.
Term

Forms of Pneumoconiosis

 

 

 

 

Various forms are named according to the type of dust particle inhaled.

Definition

anthracosis - Coal dust (black lung disease)

 

asbestosis - asbestos particles (in shipbuilding and construction trades)

 

silicosis - silica or glass (grinder's disease)

Term
pneumonia
Definition
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
Term
exudate
Definition
fluid, blood cells, and debris
Term
infiltrate
Definition
a fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan
Term
Community-acquired pneumonia
Definition
results  from a contagious respiratory infection, caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria.
Term

Hospital-aquired pneumonia

 

or

 

nosocomial pneumonia

Definition

aquired during hospitalization.

 

 

 

Patients may contract pneumonia while on mechanical ventilation.

Term
Aspiration pneumonia
Definition
caused by material, sucha as food or vomitus, lodging in bronchi or lungs.
Term
pulmonary abscess
Definition
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
Term
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Definition
Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.
Term
pulmonary fibrosis
Definition
Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
Term
sarcoidosis
Definition
Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and othe organs.
Term

Tuberculosis

 

(TB)

Definition
Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Rod-shaped bacteria
Term
mesothelioma
Definition

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

 

caused by asbestos exposure.

Term
pleural effusion
Definition
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
Term

pleurisy

 

(pleuritis)

Definition
Inflammation of the pleura
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
Collection of air in the pleural space.
Term
Cor pulmonale
Definition
Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease.
Term

Chest X-ray

 

(CXR)

Definition
Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)
Term

Computed Tomography (CT)

scan of the chest

Definition
Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.
Term
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Definition
the combination of CT scanning and angiography. It is useful to examine the pulmonary circulation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism.
Term

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

of the chest

Definition
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes
Term
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
Definition
Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.
Term
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
Definition
Detection device records radioactiviy in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)
Term
bronchoscopy
Definition
Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes.
Term
endotracheal intubation
Definition
Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway.
Term
Laryngoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the voice box.
Term
lung biopsy
Definition
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
Term
mediastinoscopy
Definition
endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
Term

Pulmonary function tests

(PFTs)

Definition
Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently)
Term
Spirometer
Definition
measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lung.
Term
FEV1
Definition
forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration
Term
restrictive lung disease
Definition
expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself.
Term
Thoracentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
Term
thoracotomy
Definition
large surgical incision of the chest
Term

thoracoscopy

thorascopy

Definition
Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
Term
tracheostomy
Definition
Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
Term
tuberculin test
Definition
Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction
Term
tube thoracostomy
Definition
Chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion
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