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Medical Terminology for Music Therapy
Medical Terminology for Music Therapy
127
Medical
Undergraduate 3
02/05/2013

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Term
abcess
Definition
accumulation of pus/boil
Term
acute pain
Definition
sharp pain that begins suddenly, serves as warning of disease/threat to body
Term
ADD/ADHD
Definition
syndrome characterized by persistent impulsiveness, short attention span, hyperactivity
Term
AIDS
Definition
acquired immune deficiency syndrome, an infectious disease caused by HIV
Term
ALS
Definition
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - disease of nerve cells in brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement
Term
analgesic
Definition
painkillers; morphine, opiates, etc.
Term
anesthetics
Definition
reversible loss of sensation, usually administered for surgery
Term
aneurysm
Definition
abnormal widening of an artery due to weakness in wall of blood vessel
Term
angina
Definition
chest pain that occurs if an area of heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen rich blood
Term
apgar score
Definition
method to assess health of a newborn child: a-appearance, p-pulse, g-grimace, a-activity, r-respiration
Term
aphasia
Definition
disturbance in formulation/comprehension of language (remembering, writing, speaking, reading) usually linked to brain damage, especially stroke
Term
apnea
Definition
suspension of external breathing (no movement of respiration muscles, lungs stay the same volume)
Term
apoplexy
Definition
bleeding within internal organs
Term
apraxia
Definition
brain & nervous system disorder in which a person is unable to perform tasks/movements when asked, even though the request is understood, they are willing, muscles work, and task may have already been learned (associated with stroke/brain damage)
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
abnormal heart rhythm - too slow, fast, irregular, early, etc.
Term
arthrogryposis
Definition
joint contractures that develop before birth, lack of normal range of motion in one or more joints
Term
Asperger Syndrome
Definition
disorder on autisim spectrum characterized by inability to understand how to unteract socially
Term
asphyxia
Definition
impaired breathing
Term
ataxia
Definition
poor coordination/unsteadiness due to brain's failure to regulate body posture and strength, caused by disease in cerebellum of brain
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
progressive thickening/hardening of walls of medium & large arteries as result of fat deposits on inner lining
Term
autism
Definition
spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and unusal/repetitive behavior
Term
autism spectrum
Definition
range of conditions classified as pervasive developmental disorders, characterized by social deficits, communication difficulties, stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and interests, sometimes cognitive delays
Term
autogenous
Definition
self produced, originating within the body
Term
benign
Definition
not malignant, not cancer, does not invade surrounding tissue
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
slow movement, associated with impairment in adjusting body, can be symptom of Parkinson's
Term
1st degree burn
Definition
superficial burn with characteristics of a sunburn, red and painful but no blistering
Term
2nd degree burn
Definition
burn severe enough to cause blistering of the skin, more intense pain
Term
3rd degree burn
Definition
skin death, white without sensation, may go beyond skin into surrounding tissue, may blacken and burn away, can cause disfigurement or death
Term
cardiac arrest (cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest)
Definition
cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of heart to contract effectively
Term
cerebral palsy
Definition
abnormality of motor function acquired at early age due to nonprogressive brain lesion. Characterized by muscle tone causing extremeties to be held in rigid posture
Term
chorea
Definition
ceaseless rapid body movmeents that look well coordinated/purposeful but are involuntary
Term
chronic pain
Definition
pain that persists/progresses over long period of time. Must persist for at least 3 months, and is resistant to medical treatments. Interferes with ability to perform daily activities.
Term
coma
Definition
state of unconsciousness whereby patient cannot react with surroundings. Different levels of responsiveness/brain functioning
Term
computed (axial) tomography (CT scan/CAT scan)
Definition
X-ray procedure that combines many images with aid of computer to generate cross-sectional views/3-D images of internal organs/body structures
Term
congenital vs. acquired loss
Definition
congenital = condition/syndrome present at birth, acquired = condition/syndrome that has developed at some point at life
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
condition in which heart's function as a pump is inadequate to deliver oxygen rich blood to the body
Term
contusion
Definition
another name for bruise, caused when blood vessels are damaged/broken as result of blow to skin
Term
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Definition
common (possibly deadly) genetic disease that affects exocrine glands. Characterized by production of abnormal secretions, leading to mucus buildup that impaires pancreas and intestine, 95% death for children before age 5, but early diagnosis can save
Term
debridement
Definition
act of removing dead, contaminated tissue or foreign material
Term
dehydration
Definition
occurs when amount of water leaving body is greater than amount being taken in
Term
delirium
Definition
sudden state of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function, associated to hallucinations/hyperactivity
Term
Dementia/Alzheimer's disease
Definition

dementia: syndrome characterized by impairment in memory, another area of thinking (such as organizing thoughts/reason)

Alzheimer's disease: most common cause for dementia, slowly progressive brain disease characterized by memory impairment, etc. 

Term
depression
Definition
syndrome that reflects a sad mood exceeding normal sadness/grief. Characterized by emotional and physical changes.
Term
Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Definition
genetic disorder that is leading cause of cognitive impairment, mild/moderate learning disabilities, developmental delays, characteristic features, etc.
Term
dysarthria
Definition
speech that is slow, slurred, or difficult to understand, caused by paralysis, weakness, inability to coordinate mouth muscles, treated with speech therapy focus on oral-motor skill
Term
dysphoric state/mania
Definition
concurrent symptom of depression/mania, also called mized bipolar state
Term
dyspnea problems
Definition
difficult/labored breathing, shortness of breath, sign of serious disease of airway/lungs/heart, could be symptom of panic attack
Term
dyspraxia
Definition
pattern of delayed, uneven, or non-typical physical abilities during childhood development - affects gross or fine motor skills
Term
echoencephelogram (EEG)
Definition
test that helps diagnose epilepsy, electrical signals of the brain are recorded
Term
echolalic language
Definition
act of repeating or echoing words/sentences that others have said
Term
edema
Definition
observable swelling from fluid accumulation in body tissues, most common in feet and legs
Term
electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
Definition
noninvasive test used to reflect underlying heart conditions by measuring electrical activity of the heart
Term
encephalitis
Definition
inflammation, irritation, and swelling of the brain, warning signs are stomach infection and cold symptoms
Term
etiology
Definition
the study of the causes of diseases
Term
epilepsy
Definition
seizure disorder, brain disorder in which clusters or nerve cells signal abnormally
Term
expressive aphasia
Definition
communication disorder in which person knows he/she wants to say, yet has difficulty communicating it
Term
febrile
Definition
having a fever; a ___ seizure associated with significant rise in body temperature
Term
fibromyalgia (FMS)
Definition
chronic condition that causes pain, stiffness, and tenderness of muscles, tendons, and joints
Term
fragile x syndrome
Definition
most commonly inherited form of mental retardation, resulting from change/mutation in a single gene which can be passed from one generation to the next
Term
gait
Definition
manner of walking
Term
gerontology
Definition
scinetific study of the biological, psychological, and sociological phenomena associated with old age and dying
Term
glasgow coma scale
Definition
standardized system for assessing degree of consciousness in the critically ill and predicting the duration/outcome of a coma. System involves eye opening, verbal and motor response
Term
hematoma
Definition
localized swelling filled with blood resulting from a break in a blood vessel, blood can be trapped in skin tissue or organ
Term
hemiparesis
Definition
weakness on one side of the body
Term
HIV
Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus; retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells of immune system
Term
Hodgkin's Disease/Hodgkin's lymphoma
Definition
type of lymphoma which is cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes; characterized by orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another and by symptoms with advancing of disease
Term
hospice
Definition
model of care that focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting patients with a life expectancy of six months or less. Hospice involves an interdisciplinary approach to provide medical care, pain management and emotional and spiritual support. The emphasis is on comfort, not curing. It can be provided in the patients home as well as freestanding hospice facilities, hospitals, nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
Term
Huntington's disease
Definition
neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia, most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writing movements called chorea
Term
hydrocephalic (hydrocephalus)
Definition
"water on the brain," a medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in ventricles (cavities) of brain
Term
hyperactivity
Definition
physical state in which person is abnormally and easily excitable/exuberant. Strong emotional reactions, impulsive behavior, soemtimes short attention span
Term
hyperkinesia
Definition
abnormal increase in muscular activity, rhythmic (tremors) and nonrhythmic (involuntary muscle contractions) an example of this is tics
Term
hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure, a chronic medical condition in which systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated
Term
hypoactivity
Definition
any abnormally diminshed activity of the body or its organs, such as decreased cardiac output, thyroid secretion, or peristalsis
Term
hypotonia
Definition
decreased muscle tone and strength that results in floppiness
Term
ischemia
Definition
inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of blood vessels leading to that area
Term
IDEA
Definition
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990) replaced education for all handicapped children of 1975
Term
IEP
Definition
individualized education program, required for children with disabilities under IDEA
Term
inclusion
Definition
students with special needs spend most or all time with non-disabled students, reject use of special classrooms/facilities
Term
incontinence
Definition
involuntary excretion of etiher bowel contents (fecal incontinence) or urine (urine incontinence)
Term
intellectual disability
Definition
characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, disability originates before age 18
Term
ischemia
Definition
A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels.
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellowish staining of skin and sclerae caused by high lovels of blood chemical bilirubin
Term
leukemia
Definition
cancer of blood cells, should refer to only cancer of white blood cells (leukocytes) but can apply to malignancy of any cellular element in blood/bone marrow
Term
lupus
Definition
chronic inflammatory disease caused by autoimmunity, unusual antibodies in blood targeted against own body tissues
Term
major depressive disorder
Definition
based on occurance of one+ depressive episodes in absence of history of mania/hypomania. Depressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure in all activities for longer than 2 weeks, physical symptoms
Term
malignant
Definition
severe and becoming progressively worse, cancerous
Term
melodic intonation therapy
Definition
melodic and rhythmic components to assist in speech recovery for patients with aphasia
Term
meningitis
Definition
inflammation of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, can be caused by virus or bacteria
Term
mental retardation (mild, moderate, severe, profound, severity unspecified)
Definition
a condition in which people have below average intelligence that limits their ability to function normally. Present from birth or childhood has many different causes.
Term
metastisize
Definition
complex process involves spread of a tumor or cancer to distant parts of the body from its original site
Term
mitochondrial disease
Definition
group of neuromuscular disease caused by damage to the mitochondria - small energy producing structures that serve as cells' "power plants." Nerve cells in brain/muscles can be damaged as cause of this
Term
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Definition
disease that affects brain and spinal cord, resulting in loss of muscle contro, vision, balance, and sensation. Nerves of brain and spinal cord are damaged by one's own immune system, thus it is an autoimmune disease
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
genetic disorder that weakens muscles that help the body move, people have incorrect or missing information in their genes, preventing them from making proteins they need for healthy muscles
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
heart attack
Term
neuropathy
Definition
collection of disorders that occurs when nerves of peripheral nervous system are damaged
Term
neurosis
Definition
a psychological/behavioral disorder in which anxiety is the primary characteristic - phobias, etc.
Term
NICU
Definition
neonatal intensive care unit, hospital unit for prematurely born babies
Term
osteitis
Definition
inflammation of bone tissue caused by infection, degenerative changes or trauma - results in edema/swelling of adjacent bone marrow
Term
osteogensisimperfecta
Definition
disease that causes weak bones that break easily, also known as brittle bone disease
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
disease of the bones, when too much bone is lost/not enough is made, causing weak and prone to breaking
Term
palliative care
Definition
active total care of patients, focus of care is primarily quality of life
Term
paralysis
Definition
complete loss of muscle function for one+ muscle groups, can cause loss of feeling/mobility in affected area. Most caused by nervous system damage
Term
Parkinson's disease
Definition
second most common neurodegenerative disorder, most common movement disorder. Loss of muscle control, trembling of limbs, stiffness, impaired balance, slowness.
Term
perinatal
Definition
pertaining to period immediately before and after birth, starts 20th-28th week of gestation and ends 1-4 weeks after birth
Term
pervasive development disorder
Definition
group of disorders that are characterized by delays in multiple areas of development, including communication and social functioning
Term
plegias (mono, hemi, para, di, tri, quad)
Definition
suffix meaning paralysis or a stroke
Term
poliomyelitis
Definition
viral infection that attacks the motor cells in the spinal cord, causing inflammation and swelling of the cells, but in some cases cells are destroyed and paralysis will occur
Term
postnatal
Definition
relates to the newborn in the period immediately after birth (within 48 hours of birth; 2-7 days; 1-4 weeks)
Term
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
major type of anxiety that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event/ordeal
Term
presbycusis
Definition
most common age-related dysfunction of hearing, abnormal physilogical deterioration of auditory system
Term
prenatal
Definition
period existing before birth
Term
receptive aphasia
Definition
characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of ability to understand spoken/written words
Term
Rett's Syndrome
Definition
disorder in females which, following apparently normal development of up to 2.5 years, child shows decelarted head growth, diminishing physical coordination, and impaired social/language development
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
chronic disease of musculoskeletal system, characterized by inflammation and swelling of joints (esp. hands/feet), muscle weakness, loss of mobility, deformity, and fatigue
Term
senescence
Definition
aging, the process of becoming old, or the state of being old
Term
sepsis
Definition
blood poisoning
Term
sickle cell anemia
Definition
disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin
Term
skeletal dysplasia
Definition
one of a large contingent of genetic diseases in which the bony skeleton forms abnormally during fetal development
Term
spina bifida
Definition
major birth defect and a type of neural tube defect that involves an opening in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development
Term
spinal cord injuries
Definition
begins with a sudden, traumatic blow to the spine that fractures or dislocates vertebrae. The damage begins at the moment of injury when displaced bone fragments, disc material, or ligaments bruise or tear into spinal cord tissue
Term
startle reflex
Definition
reflex seen in normal infants in response to a loud noise. Infant makes a sudden body movement, bringing legs and arms toward the chest
Term
Stroke/CVA
Definition
cerebrovascular accident occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die. Blood flow can be compromised by a variety of mechanisms, including blockage or rupture of an artery
Term
tactile
Definition
having to do with touch
Term
tinnitus
Definition
ringing, swishing, or other type of noise that seems to originate in the ear or head
Term
TIA
Definition
a transient ischemic attack (mini stroke) is a brief interruption of blood flow to part of the brain that causes temporary stroke-like symptoms
Term
toxemia
Definition
condition in pregnancy, also known as pre-eclampsia, most common complication of pregnancy affecting about 5% of pregnancies. Occurs in 3rd trimester.
Term
vertigo
Definition
a feeling that you are dizzily turning around or that your surroundings are dizzily turning about you
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