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Medical Terminology
Digestive, endocrine, urinary systems
113
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/28/2009

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Term
an/o
Definition
anus
Term
append/o
Definition
appendix
Term
appendic/o
Definition
appendix
Term
cholecyst/o
Definition
gallbladder
Term
col/o
Definition
colon
Term
colon/
Definition
colon
Term
duoden.o
Definition
duodenum
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
ile/o
Definition
ileum
Term
jejun/o
Definition
jejunum
Term
or/o
Definition
mouth
Term
pancreat/o
Definition
pancreas
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
pharynx
Term
proct/o
Definition
anus and rectum
Term
rect/o
Definition
rectum
Term
sigmoid/o
Definition
sigmoid colon
Term
stomat/o
Definition
mouth
Term
cholelithiasis
Definition
abnormal condition of gallstones
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells
Term
colonic polyposis
Definition
condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon
Term
diverticulosis
Definition
abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon).
Term
Diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation and infection within diverticula
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Definition
a condition in which contents of the stomach slow back into the esophagus
Term
hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Definition
inflammation of the last portion of the ileum or inflammation of the colon
Term
Crohn disease
Definition
inflammation of the last portion of the ileum
Term
ulcerative colitis
Definition
inflammation of the colon
Term
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Definition
signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea (doesn't permanently harm the intestine)
Term
hepatocellular carcinoma
Definition
primary cancer of the liver
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellow-orange coloration of skin and other tissues, from high levels of bilirubin in the blood stream
Term
Abdominal CT scan
Definition
series of cross sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs
Term
abdominal MRI
Definition
magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
Term
abdominal ultrasonography
Definition
process of beaming sound waves into the abdomen to produce images of organs (ex: gallbladder
Term
endoscopic ultrasonography
Definition
useful to detect enlarged lymphnodes and tumors in upper abdomen
Term
Barium tests
Definition
e-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the GI tract
Term
barium enema
Definition
(GI lower series) barium injected into anus and rectum and x-ray images are taken of the colon
Term
barium swallow
Definition
(upper GI series) barium is taken through the mouth and x-ray images reveal the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
Term
cholangiography
Definition
x-ray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts
Term
gastrointestinal endoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope
Term
hemoccult test
Definition
feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, with reacts with hidden (occult) blood (important for colon cancer)
Term
liver function tests (LFTs)
Definition
measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood (enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged)
Term
stool culture
Definition
feces are placed in growth medium to rest for microorganisms
Term
virtual colonoscopy
Definition
CT scans, MRI, and computers are used to produce 2D and 3D images of the colon (useful to diagnose colon disease)
Term
anastomosis
Definition
surgical creation of an opening between 2 gastrointestinal organs
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body
Term
Ileostomy
Definition
surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body
Term
laparoscopic surgery
Definition
removal of organs or tissues via a laproscope (through small incision in abdomen)
Term
ALT, AST
Definition
lanine transminase and asperate tansaminase
Term
BE
Definition
barium enema
Term
GB
Definition
gall bladder
Term
GERD
Definition
gastroesophageal refluc disease
Term
IBD
Definition
inflammatory bowel disease
Term
LFTs
Definition
liver funtion tests
Term
NPO
Definition
nothing by mouth
Term
TPN
Definition
total parenteral nutrition (IV solucaitons givern to maintina nutrition)
Term
adren/o
Definition
adrenal gland
Term
adrenal/o
Definition
adrenal gland
Term
hypophys/o
Definition
pituitary gland
Term
oophor/o
Definition
ovary
Term
ovari/o
Definition
ovary
Term
orch/o
Definition
testis
Term
orchi/o
Definition
testis
Term
orchid/o
Definition
testis
Term
pancreat/o
Definition
pancreas
Term
parathyroid/o
Definition
parathyroid gland
Term
pituitar/o
Definition
pituitary gland
Term
thym/o
Definition
thymus gland
Term
thyroaden/o
Definition
thyroid gland
Term
acromegaly
Definition
enlargement of extremetiescaused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty
Term
cushing syndrome
Definition
a group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex (includes obesity, fullness in face, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis)
Term
diabetes mellitus
Definition
a disoder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels
Term
goiter
Definition
enlargement of the thyroid gland
Term
hyperthyroidism
Definition
overactivity of the thyroid gland
Term
CT scan
Definition
cross sectional x-ray images
Term
exophthalmometry
Definition
measurement of eyeball protrusion
Term
fasting blood sugar test
Definition
measurement of glucose levels in a blood sample taken from a fasting patient
Term
radioactive iodine uptake
Definition
given by mouth, measured as evidenced by thyroid function
Term
serum and urine tests
Definition
measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in blood and urine as indicators of endocrine function
Term
thyroid function tests
Definition
measures levels of t4, t3 and TSH in bloodstream
Term
DM
Definition
diabetes mellitus
Term
GH
Definition
growth hormone
Term
GTT
Definition
glucose tolerance test
Term
colp/o
Definition
vagina
Term
hyster/o
Definition
uterus
Term
mast/o
Definition
breast
Term
metri/o
Definition
uterus
Term
o/o
Definition
egg
Term
oophor/o
Definition
ovary
Term
salping/o
Definition
fallopian tube
Term
amenorrhea
Definition
absence of mentsral flow
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
painful menstral flow
Term
endometriosis
Definition
tissue from the inner lining of the uterus occurs abnormally in other pelvic or abdominal locations
Term
fibroids
Definition
benign tumors in the uterus
Term
menorrhagia
Definition
excessive disscharge of blood from the uterus during mentration
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture of the amniotic sac
Term
aspiration
Definition
withdrawl of fluid from cavity or sac
Term
colposcopy
Definition
visual examination of the vagina and cerzix with colposcope
Term
conization
Definition
removal of cone shaped section of the cervix
Term
cauterization
Definition
the use of heat to destroy abnormal tissue
Term
cryosurgery
Definition
the use of cold temperatures to destory tissue
Term
myomectomy
Definition
surgical removal of fibroid tissue from the uterus
Term
tubal ligation
Definition
where fallopian tubes are tied off
Term
CS
Definition
cesarean section
Term
D&C
Definition
dialation and curettrage
Term
DUB
Definition
dysfunctional uterine bleeding (associated with mentration)
Term
GYN
Definition
gynocology
Term
HRT
Definition
hormone replacement therapy
Term
IVF
Definition
in vitro fertilization
Term
OB
Definition
obseterics
Term
PID
Definition
pelvic inflammatory disease
Term
TAH-SBA
Definition
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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