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Medical Terminology
Ch 6--Blood
140
Medical
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2010

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Term
function of blood
Definition
transports substances through the body
Term
components of blood
Definition
Blood Cells(formed elements):
erythrocytes(RBCs)
leukocytes(WBCs)
thromobocytes(platelets)
Plasma(liquid)
Term
agglutin/o
Definition
clumping
Term
bas/o
Definition
base
Term
chrom/o
Definition
color
Term
coagul/o
Definition
clotting
Term
eosin/o
Definition
rosy red
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
fibrin/o
Definition
fibers, fibrous
Term
granul/o
Definition
granules
Term
hem/o
Definition
blood
Term
hemat/o
Definition
blood
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
morph/o
Definition
shape
Term
neutr/o
Definition
neutral
Term
phag/o
Definition
eat, swallow
Term
thromb/o
Definition
clot
Term
-apheresis
Definition
removal
Term
-cytosis
Definition
more than normal number of cells
Term
-emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
-globin
Definition
protein
Term
-penia
Definition
abnormal decrease
Term
-phil
Definition
attraction for
Term
-poiesis
Definition
formation
Term
-stasis
Definition
standing still
Term
where are blood cells produced?
Definition
red bone marrow
Term
hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis
Definition
formation of blood cells
Term
majority of plasma content
Definition
water
Term
plasma proteins
Definition
albumin-transports fatty substances
globulin-antibodies
fibrinogen-blood clotting protein
Term
additional substances dissolved in plasma
Definition
Ca, K, Na, glucose, amino acids, fats, urea, creatinine
Term
Characteristics of RBCs
Definition
anucleated, biconcave discs, more in males
Term
Hemoglobin abbreviations
Definition
HGB, Hgb, Hb
Term
What gives erythrocytes their red color?
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
function of hemoglobin
Definition
responsible for transport of oxygen
Term
Iron in hemoglobin
Definition
contained in the pigment, can be reused, worn out ones removed by spleen and liver
Term
characteristics of WBCs
Definition
spherical WITH a nucleus
Term
function of WBCs
Definition
protect against pathogens
Term
Two categories of WBCs
Definition
granulocytes(have granules in cytoplasm)and agranulocytes(no granules in cytoplasm)
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils
Term
agranulocytes
Definition
monocytes and lymphocytes
Term
Characteristics of platelets
Definition
smallest of all formed elements, fragments of larger cells
Term
function of platelets
Definition
critical in blood clotting
Term
hemostasis
Definition
stoppage of bleeding
Term
What do platelets do when a vessel is damaged?
Definition
agglutinate into small clusters
Term
Thrombin
Definition
formed after agglutination, converts fibrinogen to fibrin, results in fibrin blood clot
Term
Most important blood markers
Definition
ABO system and Rh factor
Term
What makes one person's blood different from someone elses?
Definition
presence of marker proteins on the surface of erythrocytes
Term
Two possible markers in the ABO system
Definition
A and B
Term
a person with type A marker has what type blood and what antibodies?
Definition
type A blood, type anti-B antibodies
Term
Type anti-B antibodies attack what types of blood?
Definition
type B and type AB
Term
a person with B marker has what type blood and what antibodies?
Definition
type B blood and type anti-A antibodies
Term
type anti-A antibodies attack what types of blood?
Definition
type A and type AB
Term
a person with no marker has what type blood and what antibodies?
Definition
type O blood and type anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Term
a person with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies will attack what types of blood?
Definition
type A, type B, and type AB
Term
a person with A and B markers has what type of blood and what antibodies?
Definition
type AB and no antibodies
Term
no antibodies attacks what types of blood?
Definition
does not attack any other blood types
Term
Universal Donor
Definition
type O, because it has no markers
Term
universal recipient
Definition
type AB, because it has no antibodies and will not react with other blood
Term
Rh factor on red blood cells is...
Definition
Rh+, will not make anti-Rh antibodies
Term
blood without the Rh factor is...
Definition
Rh-, will produce anti-Rh antibodies if exposed
Term
Rh+ person can recieve...
Definition
either Rh+ or Rh-
Term
Rh- person can recieve...
Definition
only Rh- blood
Term
fibrinogen
Definition
fiber producing
Term
fibrinolysis
Definition
fiber destruction
Term
fibrinous
Definition
pertaining to fibers
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
blood protein
Term
hemolysis
Definition
blood destruction
Term
hemolytic
Definition
blood destruction
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
rapid flow of blood
Term
hematologist
Definition
blood specialist
Term
hematic
Definition
pertaining to blood
Term
sanguinous
Definition
pertaining to blood
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
red cell
Term
leukocyte
Definition
white cell
Term
thrombocyte
Definition
clotting cell
Term
granulocyte
Definition
granular cell
Term
agranulocyte
Definition
not a granular cell
Term
erythrocytosis
Definition
too many red cells
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
too many white cells
Term
thrombocytosis
Definition
too many clotting cells
Term
erythropenia
Definition
too few red cells
Term
leukopenia
Definition
too few white cells
Term
thrombopenia
Definition
too few clotting cells
Term
pancytopenia
Definition
too few of all cells
Term
erythropoiesis
Definition
red cell producing
Term
leukopoiesis
Definition
white cell producing
Term
thrombopoiesis
Definition
clotting cell producing
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
blood producing
Term
blood clot
Definition
hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, tissue debris, end result of hemostasis
Term
coagulate
Definition
to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
disease affecting blood
Term
hematology
Definition
branch specializing in blood conditions
Term
hematoma
Definition
collection of blood under skin from blood escaping from damaged vessel
Term
packed cells
Definition
transfusion of only blood cells without plasma
Term
whole blood
Definition
mixture of plasma and formed elements
Term
hemophilia
Definition
genetic disorder where blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor
Term
hyperlipidemia
Definition
excessive level of lipids in the blood, risk factor for atherosclerosis
Term
septicemia
Definition
blood poisoning, bacteria or toxins in blood
Term
anemia
Definition
group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of RBCs or amount of Hb, and therefore less oxygen reaches tissues
Term
aplastic anemia
Definition
severe anemia where red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells
Term
iron deficiency anemia
Definition
results from insufficient amounts of iron to make Hb for RBCs
Term
hemolytic reaction
Definition
destruction of RBCs when patient recieves mismatched blood transfusion
Term
hemolytic anemia
Definition
results form excessive loss of RBCs
Term
sickle cell anemia
Definition
genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape, leads to hemolytic anemia
Term
pernicious anemia
Definition
insufficient absorption of vitamin B12, unable to make enough RBCs
Term
polycythemia vera
Definition
condition of having too many RBCs, blood is too thick
Term
thalassemia
Definition
genetic disorder where unable to produce functioning Hb
Term
leukemia
Definition
cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow, results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs
Term
CBC, complete blood count
Definition
set of blood tests: RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC diff, platelet count
Term
C&S, blood culture and sensetivity
Definition
blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use
Term
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Definition
determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube, indicates presence of inflammation in the body
Term
HCT, Hct, crit, hematocrit
Definition
measure volume in a percentage of RBCs
Term
Hgb, Hb, HGB, hemoglobin
Definition
measures amount of hemoglobin present
Term
platelet count
Definition
determines number of platelets
Term
Pro time, PT, prothrombin time
Definition
measure how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot
Term
RBC, red blood cell count
Definition
measures number of RBCs
Term
red blood cell morphology
Definition
examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape
Term
WBC, white blood cell count
Definition
measures number of leukocytes
Term
WBC differential, diff
Definition
determines the number of EACH TYPE of WBC
Term
bone marrow aspiration
Definition
sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases
Term
phlebotomy or venipuncture
Definition
incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing
Term
autologous transfusion
Definition
collection and storage of patients own blood prior to need
Term
homologous transfusion
Definition
replacement blood with blood from another person
Term
plasmapheresis
Definition
removal of whole blood, seperation of plasma and formed elements returned to patient
Term
blood transfusion
Definition
artifcial transfer of blood into the bloodstream
Term
anticoagulant
v.
thrombolytic
Definition
prevents blood clots from forming
v.
dissolves exsisting clots
Term
basos
Definition
basophils
Term
BMT
Definition
bone marrow transplant
Term
CBC
Definition
complete blood count
Term
diff
Definition
differential
Term
HCT, Hct, crit
Definition
hematocrit
Term
Hb, Hgb, HGB
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
lymphs
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
monos
Definition
monocytes
Term
PA
Definition
pernicious anemia
Term
PCV
Definition
packed cell volume
Term
RBC
Definition
red blood cell
Term
Rh+
Definition
Rh positive
Term
Rh-
Definition
Rh negative
Term
WBC
Definition
white blood cell
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