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Medical Terminology
Organization of the body
159
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/22/2009

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Term
Homeostasis
Definition
A state of equilibrium that is maninted within the body's internal enviorment,
Term
Atoms
Definition
Smalles basic chemical unit of matter. Surrounded by protons(positively charged particle) and neutrons (negatively charged particle)
Term
Element
Definition
Substance that can not be separated into substances different from itself by ordinary chemical means.
Term
Principle elements found in the human body
Definition

Aluminum   Al

Carbon  C

Calcium  Ca

Chlorine   CL

Cobalt  Cu

Fluorine   F

Hydrogen   H

Iodine   I

Iron  Fe

Manganese  Mn

Nitrogen   N

Oxygen   O or O2

Phosphorus   P

Potassium  K

Sodium   Na

Sulfur   S

Zinc  Z

Term

Levels of Organization

Definition

Atoms

Molecules

Organelles(a specialized part of a cell that has its own function)

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

 

Term
Atoms
Definition

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Term
Molecules
Definition

Sugars

Proteins

Water

Term
Organelles
Definition

Mitochondrion

Nucleus

Ribosome

Term
Cells
Definition

Epithelial cell

Nerve cell

Muscle cell

 

Term
Tissues
Definition

Epithelial tissue

Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

Connective tissue

Term
Organs
Definition

Lung

Brain

Stomach

Kidney

Term
Organ Systems
Definition

Respiratory System

Nervous System

Digestive System

Circulatory System

 

Term
Organism
Definition
Human organism
Term
Molecule
Definition
Combination of two or more atoms
Term
Cell membrane
Definition
Outer covering of the cell
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Substance between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Central portion of the cell that contains chromosomes
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics
Term
Genome
Definition
Complete set of genes and chromosomes
Term
Stem Cells
Definition

Differ from other cells.

3 Properties

1.Capable of dividing

2. Renewing themselves for long periods

3. Can give rise to specialized cell types

Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Form the outer layer of skin

Cover surfaces of organs

Line walls of cavities

Form tubes,ducts, and portions of certain glands.

 

Term
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Definition

Protection

Absorption

Secretion

Excretion

Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
forms the supporting network for the organs, sheaths muscles,connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. Bone is a dense form of connective tissue.
Term
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
Definition

 

Voluntary

Cardiac

Involuntary

 

 

Term
Nerve Tissue
Definition

Consists of:

Nerve cells

Supporting cells (neuroglia)

 

Term
Organs
Definition
Tissues serving a common purpose or function
Term
Systems
Definition
Group of organs functioning together for a common purpose
Term
Directional and positional terms to describe the location of organs or body parts
Definition

Superior-Above in upward direction toward head

Anterior-front side of the body

Posterior-back side of the body

Cephalic-pertaining to the head

Medial-middle

Lateral-side

Proximal-near the point of attachment

Distal-away from the point of attachment

Term
Planes
Definition

Midsagittal Plane-

vertically divides the body at midline to form a right and left half

 

Transverse or Horizontal Plane-

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

 

Coronal or Frontal Plane-

divides the body at right angles to midsagittal plane. Divides into anterior(ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions.

 

Term
Cavities
Definition

Ventral cavity

Thoracic cavity

Pericardial cavity

Pleural cavity

 

Term
Coronal (frontal) Plane contains?
Definition

Right and Left lungs

Heart

Liver

Stomach

Spleen

Term
Transverse(horixontal) Plane
Definition

Aorta

Spinal cord

Spleen

Stomach

Subcutaneous(located,living beneath the skin)

 fat layer

Liver

Term
Midsagittal (median) plane
Definition

Brain

Nose

Tongue

Trachea

Spinal Cord

Term
Body Cavaties
Definition

Abdominal Cavity-

stomach,intestines, organs of digestion

 

Pelvic Cavity-

organs of reproduction and elimination

 

Dorsal Cavity-

contains structures of the nervous system. Divided into cranial and spinal cavity

 

Abdominopelvic Cavity-

combination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

 

Term
Dorsal Cavity
Definition

Cranial Cavity-

space in which the brain is housed

 

Spinal Cavity-

space in spinal column containing spinal cord and fluid

 

Term
9 regions of the Abdominopelvic cavity
Definition

Right hypochondriac-

upper right at level of 9th rib cartilage

 

Left hypochondriac-

upper left at level of 9th rib cartilage

 

Epigastric-

Region over stomach

 

Right Lumbar-

right middle lateral(at side)

 

Left Lumbar-

left middle lateral(at side)

 

Umbilical-

at the navel

 

Right iliac (inguinal- located in or affecting the groin)

right lower lateral region

 

Left iliac (inguinal-located in or affecting the groin)

left lower lateral region

 

Hypogastric

lower middle below navel

Term
4 abdoment quadrants abbrev.
Definition

RUQ-right upper quadrant

LUQ-left upper quadrant

RLQ-Righ Lower quadrant

LLQ- left lower quadrant

Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
tars/o
Definition
Ankle
Term
brach/i
Definition
arm
Term
poster
Definition
back
Term
oste/o
Definition
bones
Term
mamm/o      mast
Definition
breast
Term
bucc/o
Definition
cheek
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
ot/o
Definition
ear
Term
olecran/o       cubital
Definition
elbow
Term
ophthalm/o      ocul/o     opt/o
Definition
eye
Term
dactyl/o
Definition
finger
Term
pod/o
Definition
foot
Term
gingiv
Definition
gums
Term
manus    chir/o
Definition
hand
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term
coxa
Definition
hip
Term
crur
Definition
leg
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
pulm/o  pulmon/o   pneum/o   pneumon/o
Definition
lungs
Term
or/o
Definition
mouth
Term
muscul/o
Definition
muscles
Term
umbilic    omphal/o
Definition
navel
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerves
Term
rhin/o    nas/o
Definition
nose
Term
cost/o
Definition
ribs
Term
later
Definition
side
Term
derm/a      dermat/o     derm/o    cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
dent
Definition
teeth
Term
tempor
Definition
temples
Term
femor/o
Definition
thigh bone
Term
pharyng/o
Definition
throat
Term
pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
lingu/o     gloss/o
Definition
tongue
Term
carp/o
Definition
wrist
Term
-al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-blast
Definition
immature cell, germ cell, embryonic
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture
Term
-dynia
Definition
pain,ache
Term
-ic -al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ism
Definition
condition
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-kinesia
Definition
motion,movement
Term
-oid
Definition
resemble, like, similiar
Term
-osis
Definition
condition (usually abnormal)
Term
-ous
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-penia
Definition
lack of, deficiency, abnormal, abnormal reduction
Term
-phragm
Definition
fence
Term
-plasia
Definition
formation, produce
Term
-plasty(S)
Definition
surgical repair
Term
-plegia
Definition
stroke, paralysis,pulsy
Term
-polesis
Definition
formation
Term
-rrhapy (a rap e ya)
Definition
suture
Term
-scope
Definition
instrument for examining
Term
-therapy
Definition
treatment
Term
-tome
Definition
instrument to cut
Term
-tomy
Definition
incision
Term
acr/o
Definition
extremity,point
Term
aden-
Definition
gland
Term
arthr
Definition
joint,to articulate
Term
arthr/o
Definition
aorta
Term
atrophy
Definition
decrease in cell, tissue, or organ size
Term
brach/i
Definition
arm
Term
calcane/e
Definition
heel bone
Term
carp
Definition
wrist
Term
cellul
Definition
little cell
Term
chym
Definition
juice
Term
cost/o
Definition
wrist
Term
crain/o
Definition
skull
Term
actin-
Definition
ray
Term
dermat derm/o derm/a
Definition
skin
Term
lopec
Definition
fox mange (baldness)
Term
albin- leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
an-
Definition
lack of
Term
hidr
Definition
sweat
Term
auto
Definition
self
Term
-graft
Definition
pencil,grafting knife
Term
a-
Definition
away from
Term
vuls
Definition
to pull
Term
-ion
Definition
process
Term
de-
Definition
down
Term
cubit(R) de-cubit-us hint: bed
Definition
to lie
Term
ec- hint:exit
Definition
out
Term
eyrthr/o
Definition
red
Term
erythroderma
Definition
Abnormal redness of the skin occuring over widespread area's of the body
Term
hypo
Definition
under
Term
icter
Definition
jaundice
Term
-al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
leuk/o(CF)
Definition
white
Term
-ia
Definition
condition
Term
plak (R)
Definition
plate
Term
miliar(R)
Definition
tiny
Term
onych(R) o-nik
Definition
nail
Term
pachy(R) pak-e
Definition
thick
Term
par(P)
Definition
around
Term
prurit(R)
Definition
itching
Term
-us(S)
Definition
pertaining to
Term
pedicul(R)
Definition
a louse
Term
rhytid/o (CF)
Definition
wrinkle
Term
scler/o(CF) skull er o
Definition
hard
Term
seb/o (CF)
Definition
oil
Term
-rrhea(S) re ah
Definition
flow
Term
kerat(R)
Definition
horn
Term
ungu(R)
Definition
nail
Term
therm(R)
Definition
hot,heat
Term
an-(P)
Definition
without, lack of
Term
-esthesia(S) an-esthesia
Definition
sensation
Term
xer/o(CF)
Definition
dry
Term
tinea (medical term)
Definition
ringworm
Term
xer(R)
Definition
root
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