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Medical terminology chapter 5
Exploring Medical Language 7th edition. Understand be Understood
67
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2010

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Term
nose
Definition
lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs. It acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air.
Term
nasal septum
Definition
partition separating the right and left nasal cavities
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into nasal cavities.
Term
pharynx
Definition
serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larnyx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. ( throat)
Term
adenoids
Definition
lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity.
Term
tonsils
Definition
lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth.
Term
larynx
Definition
location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx. (voice box)
Term
epiglottis
Definition
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing.
Term
trachea
Definition
passageway for air to bronchi. (windpipe)
Term
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
Definition
one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree, therefore they are referred to as a brochial tree.
Term
bronchioles
Definition
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree.
Term
alveolus
Definition
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and capillaries.
Term
lungs
Definition
2 spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of 3 lobes and the left of 2 lobes.
Term
pleura
Definition
double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serious fluid.
Term
diaphragm
Definition
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.
Term
mediastinum
Definition
space between the lungs. Contains heart, esphogas, trachea, great blood vessells and other structures.
Term
atel/o
Definition
imperfect, incomplete
Term
capn/o
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
hem/o, hemat/o
Definition
blood
Term
muc/o
Definition
mucus
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight
Term
ox/o, ox/i
Definition
oxygen
Term
phon/o
Definition
sound, voice
Term
py/o
Definition
pus
Term
somn/o
Definition
sleep
Term
spir/o
Definition
breathe, breathing
Term
endo
Definition
within
Term
eu
Definition
normal, good
Term
pan
Definition
all, total
Term
poly
Definition
many, much
Term
tachy
Definition
fast, rapid
Term
algia
Definition
pain
Term
ar, ary, eal
Definition
pertaining to
Term
centesis
Definition
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
Term
cele
Definition
hernia or protusion
Term
ectasis
Definition
stretching out, dilation, expansion
Term
emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
graphy
Definition
process of recording, radiographic imaging
Term
meter
Definition
instrument used to measure
Term
metry
Definition
measurement
Term
pexy
Definition
surgical fixation
Term
pnea
Definition
breathing
Term
rrhagia
Definition
rapid flow of blood
Term
scope
Definition
instrument used for physical exam
Term
scopic
Definition
pertaining to visual exam
Term
spasm
Definition
involuntary muscle contraction
Term
stenosis
Definition
constriction or narrowing
Term
stomy
Definition
create artifical opening
Term
thorax
Definition
chest
Term
tomy
Definition
cut or incision
Term
coccidiodomycosis
Definition
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
Term
cor pulmonale
Definition
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders such as emphysema
Term
epistaxis
Definition
nosebleed
Term
legionnaire disease
Definition
a lobar pneumonia caused by bacterium
Term
chest computed tomography
Definition
computerized images of the chest created in section sliced from back to front.
Term
chest radiograph
Definition
radiographic image of the chest used to evaluate the lungs and the heart.
Term
ventilation perfusion scanning
Definition
nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism and other conditions.
Term
pleural effusion
Definition
escape of fluid into the pleural space as a result of inflammation
Term
pleural edema
Definition
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
Term
pulmonary embolism
Definition
foreign matter, such as a blood clot, air or fat clot carried in the circulation to the pulmonary artery where it blocks circulation.
Term
tuberculosis
Definition
an infectious disease, caused by an acid fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs.
Term
upper respiratory infection
Definition
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx
Term
acid fast bacilli smear
Definition
a test performed on sputum to determine the prescence of acid fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis.
Term
arterial blood gases
Definition
test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases present.
Term
pulmonary function tests
Definition
group of tests performed to measure breathing which is used to determine respiratory function or abnormalities and is useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from ashthma.
Term
pulse oximetry
Definition
noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a dvice that attaches to the fingertip.
Term
purified protein derivative skin test
Definition
test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. PPD of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally.
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