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Medical Terminology Ch.3
Skeletal system
60
Medical
Undergraduate 2
02/07/2011

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Term
ACETABULUM
Definition
aka hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
Term
ALLOGENIC
Definition
Originating within another
Term
ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Definition
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.
Term
ARTHRODESIS
Definition
aka surgical ankylosis; the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
Term
ARTHROSCOPY
Definition
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.
Term
AUTOLOGOUS
Definition
Originating within an individual.
Term
CHONDROMA
Definition
A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells.
Term
CHONDROMALACIA
Definition
The abnormal softening of cartilage.
Term
COMMINUTED FRACTURE
Definition
One in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
Term
COMPRESSION FRACTURE
Definition
aka vertebral crush fracture; occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself.
Term
COSTOCHONDRITIS
Definition
An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
Term
CRANIOSTENOSIS
Definition
A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.
Term
CREPITATION
Definition
aka crepitus; the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
Term
DUAL X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY
Definition
A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
Term
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
Definition
A bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue.
Term
HALLUX VALGUS
Definition
aka bunion; an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.
Term
HEMARTHROSIS
Definition
blood within a joint, frequently due to a joint injury.
Term
HEMOPOIETIC
Definition
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Term
INTERNAL FIXATION
Definition
aka ORIF; a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
Term
JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Definition
autoimmune disorder that affects children 16 & under with symptoms of stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth & fatigue.
Term
KYPHOSIS
Definition
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.
Term
LAMINECTOMY
Definition
The surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra.
Term
LORDOSIS
Definition
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
Term
LUMBAGO
Definition
aka low back pain; Pain of the lumbar region of the spine
Term
MALLEOLUS
Definition
The rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle.
Term
MANUBRIUM
Definition
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
Term
METACARPALS
Definition
The five bones that form the palms of the hand.
Term
METATARSALS
Definition
Form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
Term
MYELOMA
Definition
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.
Term
OPEN FRACTURE
Definition
aka compound fracture; one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
Term
ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON
Definition
aka orthopedist; physician specializing in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles.
Term
ORTHOTIC
Definition
A mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
Term
OSTEITIS
Definition
An inflammation of bone.
Term
OSTEOCHONDROMA
Definition
A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
Term
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Definition
aka wear-and-tear arthritis; Most commonly associated with aging.
Term
OSTEOCLASIS
Definition
The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.
Term
OSTEOMALACIA
Definition
aka adult rickets; abnormal softening of bones in adults.
Term
OSTEOMYELITIS
Definition
An inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
Term
OSTEONECROSIS
Definition
The death of bone tissue due to a lack of insufficient blood supply.
Term
OSTEOPENIA
Definition
Thinner than average bone density in a young person.
Term
OSTEOPOROSIS
Definition
A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.
Term
OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE
Definition
aka broken hip; usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis & can occur spontaneously or as result of a fall.
Term
OSTEORRHAPHY
Definition
The surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones.
Term
PAGET'S DISEASE
Definition
aka osteitis deformans; bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation.
Term
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE
Definition
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain, due to osteoporosis or cancer.
Term
PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY
Definition
Is performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures.
Term
PERIOSTITIS
Definition
An inflammation of the periosteum, often associated with shin splints.
Term
PODIATRIST
Definition
A doctor of Podiatry (DP) or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM), specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.
Term
PROSTHESIS
Definition
A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.
Term
RHEUMATOID ATHRITIS
Definition
Commonly known as RA, is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.
Term
RICKETS
Definition
aka infantile osteomalacia; is a deficiency disease occurring in children, results from a vitamin D deficiency.
Term
SCOLIOSIS
Definition
An abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
Term
SPINA BIFIDA
Definition
A congenital defect, occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
Term
SPIRAL FRACTURE
Definition
A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
Term
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS
Definition
The  forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar veretbrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
Term
SUBLUXATION
Definition
Is the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
Term
SYNOVECTOMY
Definition
The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint,used to repair joint damage from RA.
Term
VERTEBRAE
Definition
The boney structure units of the spinal column.
Term
ARTHROLYSIS
Definition
the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
Term
SPONDYLOSIS
Definition
aka spinal osteoarthritis, a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
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