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Medical Microbiology 9-17
9-17 (Parasite Overview)
28
Microbiology
Professional
09/22/2010

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Cards

Term
Define Ectoparasite
Definition
parasites that live on the surface of the host--> infested
Term
Define Endoparasite
Definition
lives within the host --> infected
Term
Define Hyperparasite
Definition
parasites within other parasites
Term
Name the types of parasitic relationships
Definition
Temporary
Facultative
Obligatory
Term
Define Mutualist
Definition
each member depends on the other
ex: flagellates in the gut of termites
Term
Define predation
Definition
where one member, the predator, benefits off of a smaller organism, prey.
Term
Define Parasitism
Definition
one member, the parasite, lives in or on the other organism, the host, at the expense of the host. The host may or may not be killed.
Term
Define symbiosis
Definition
any plant, animal, protist, or helminth that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species
Term
Name the types of symbiosis and define them
Definition
Phoresis = where a smaller organism (phoront) is carried mechanically by the host.
Commensalism=where one symbiont benefits and the other animal is neither helped or harmed
Term
Define biological vector
Definition
any organism which transmits the parasite.
Term
Define mechanical vector
Definition
non living transmitter of the parasite, aka a vehicle.
Term
Definitive host
Definition
host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces.
Term
Define intermediate host
Definition
parasite does not reach sexual maturity in side this host. often has asexual or larval stages though.
Term
define paratenic host
Definition
no parasite development takes place, where the parasite continues to live and is infective but no deveopment.
Term
define reservoir host
Definition
non human animals that serve as sources of infection to humans.
Term
Name some reproductive potential features of parasite
Definition
multiple fission
hermaphordism
parthenogenesis
strobilation
high ova/larval output
Term
Name some morphological/physical specializations of parasites
Definition
loss of digestive structures
loss of wings
loss of sensory structures
development of tegument
anti-coagulants
hold fast organ development
Term
Unique features of parasite
Definition
>specific to a special site
>usually non-lethal to host
>generally more numerous than hosts
>generally smaller than host
>evolved methods of evading host immune system
Term
Name the ways parasites evade the host immune system
Definition
Antigenic variation
tough tegument
intracellular habitat
Ag acquisition/mimicry
suppression of eosinophil/neutrophil
encystment
ability to cleave Ab
trigger immune response
Term
Name ways the parasite can damage the host
Definition
Physical trauma (protease, ulcers, hooks/spines)
Nutritional diversion (diarrhea, malabsorption)
Toxins,excretory products, immune complexes
Blood loss
Term
Name typical ways parasites are transmitted
Definition
ingestion
vectors
direct penetration
Term
Reasons we control parasites
Definition
> treatment
>understanding epidemiology
>control measures
>fundamental research
Term
Name traditional methods for diagnosing parasites and/or their infections
Definition
Fecal specimen collection
Non-fecal specimen collection
(perianal, sigmoidoscopic, duodenal, liver abscess aspirates, sputum, urine)
Blood films/ smears
Term
Problems to traditional diagnosis problems of parasties
Definition
>some look the same
>parasites hidden in host tissue
>low sensitivity
Term
Name some molecular diagnosis methods for parasites
Definition
>Biochemical
>Immunological
>Nucleic acid
>Enzyme patterns
>DNA probes using PCR
Term
Name advantages of genomic based parasite testing
Disadvantages
Definition
DNA constant
Very sensitive - small Bx
Probes can have flexibility

Expensive
Radioactivity needed sometimes
PCR can fail
DNA probes cannot distinguish between dead and living parasites
Term
Name advantages and disadvantages of Ab diagnosis
Definition
Rapid, easy field tests
Individual and mass screen
Ig subclasses-improve specificity/sens.

Can't tell past/present infection
Can't tell morphologically similar parasites
Expensive
Term
Define strobilation
Definition
a form of asexual reproduction where the body is divided into segments
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