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Med-Surg Nursing Chapter 71
Care of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
18
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
12/10/2013

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Term
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Definition
A.k.a. acute renal failure (ARF). A rapid decrease in kidney function leading to the collection of metabolic wastes in the body.
Term
Prerenal acute kidney injury
Definition
Conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys
Term
Intrarenal/intrinsic acute kidney injury
Definition
Damage to the glomeruli, interstitial tissue, or tubules
Term
Postrenal acute kidney injury
Definition
Obstruction of urine flow
Term
End stage kidney disease (ESKD)
Definition
Can be caused by AKI in patients who have already reduced kidney function
Term
Azotemia
Definition
The retention and buildup of nitrogenous wastes in the blood
Term
Anuric
Definition
Less than 100 ml/24hr of output
Term
Nephrotoxic
Definition
Substances that damage kidneys
Term
Oliguria
Definition
Decreased urine output
Term
Anuria
Definition
Absence of urine
Term
Mean arterial pressure
Definition
Persons average arterial pressure and is based on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Term
Dialysate
Definition
Solution composed of water, glucose, sodium chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and bicarbonate
Term
Uremia
Definition
Azotemia with clinical symptoms
Term
Isothenuria
Definition
Urine with a fixed osmolarity
Term
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Definition
Can take years to develop and is more common
Term
Hyperkalemia
Definition
High serum potassium levels
Term
Kussmal respirations
Definition
Increased rate and depth of breathing to excrete carbon dioxide
Term
Renal osteodystrophy
Definition
Problems in bone metabolism and structure caused by CKD induced low calcium levels and high phosphorus levels
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