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Details

Med Surg: Cardio I - PPT 5
Fall Semester - 2010 (Endocarditis)
20
Medical
Graduate
10/31/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the most common cause of endocarditis?
Definition
Vegetations from pathogens
Term
What are very rare non-bacterial endocarditis cases usually a result of?
Definition
Steroid use
Term
Which type of valvular heart disease has the highest risk of developing endocarditis?
Definition
MVP - Mitral Valve Prolapse
Term
Which type of endocarditis develops gradually over a period of months and usually affects an already damaged heart?
Definition
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Term
Which pathogen is the most common cause of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis?
Definition
Steptococcus viridens
Term
Which type of endocarditis develops very rapidly causing significant valve damage and occur in pts with normal and damaged hearts?
Definition
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Term
Which pathogen is the most common cause of Acute Bacterial Endocarditis?
Definition
Staphylococcus Aureus
Term
What are the two causes of a new heart murmur?
Definition
MI or Endocarditis
Term
What are splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes and Janeway Lesions a sign of?
Definition
Bacterial Endocarditis
Term
What are the MAJOR Endocarditis Duke criteria?
Definition
1) 2 positive blood cultures
2) Evidence on Echo of: Vegetation, Abscess or Dehiscence of a prosthetic valve
Term
What are the minor Duke criteria for endocarditis?
Definition
1) Predisposing Condition
2) Fever > 38 degrees C (100.4 F)
3) Immunologic signs (glomerulonephritis, Osler nodes, Roth spots, rheumatoid factor)
4) 1 positive blood culture
5) Positive echo not meeting major criteria
Term
What antibiotic do you give for Strep (Subacute Endocarditis)?
Definition
PCN 2 to 4 million units IV q4h x 4 weeks
or Cephtriaxone 2g qd IV or IM x 4 weeks
Term
What do you give to tx Enterococci endocarditis infection?
Definition
PCN or Gentamycin
Term
What tx do you give for a Staphylococcus bacterial endocarditis infection?
Definition
Nafcillin or Oxicillin
Term
Who should receive prophylactic antibiotic tx for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis?
Definition
-pts c prosthetic valve or material in heart
- pts with hx of infective endocarditis
- pts w/ congenital heart dx
- pts w/cardiac transplant
Term
What does an antithrombotic med do?
Definition
inhibit platelet aggregation
Term
What does a thrombolytic agent do?
Definition
degrades clots that have already formed
Term
Which drug binds to antithrombin III, inhibiting Factor Xa which inhibits formation of thrombin?
Definition
Heparin (Lovenox)
Term
Which drug antagonize Vitamin K, inhibits Vitamin K dependant factors (II, VII, IX, X) and is used as a long term therapy?
Definition
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Term
Which drug prevents formation of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins which inhibits platelet aggregation?
Definition
ASA
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