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Med cards 1
Medical cards for PO med Eval
12
Other
Undergraduate 3
10/09/2007

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Cards

Term

DRUG NAME: Vasotec

Generic name: Enalapril or Enalaprilat

Drug Category: Anti-hypertensives, A.C.E. (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors 

Drug Action: lowers blood pressure, decrease in signs and

Definition

Adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, cough, hypotension,diarrhea, rashes

Contraindications: in hypersensitivity cross sensitivity may occur in A.C.E. inhibitors.Pregnancy. Angioedema

Interactions:Exsessive hypotension may occur with concurrent use of diuretics and nitrate. Hyperkalemia may result from concurrent use of potassium supplments. 

Nursing Implication: Monitor BP,pulse, weight, edema, WBC,BUN,creatine

Teaching:  take at the same time each day even if you're feeling well

                Don't discontinue without M.D.'s order

                Avoid salty foods

                Don't drive or operate a vehicle while taking this medication

                May cause taste impairment,which resolves in 8-12 wks

                Notify M.D. if rash,chest pain, or fever occur 

               

Term

 

Definition

Adverse effects: hangover,depression, drowsiness,diarrhea,nausea

Contraindications: in hypersensitivity. Pre-exsisting CNS depression, uncontrolled severe pain

Interactions: additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants decreases other drugs & effectiveness

Nursing implications: Monitor respiratory status,pulse,BP

                              watch for psychological or physical dependence

                              Monitor siezures & sedation level

 

Teaching:  Take exactly as directed

                causes drowsiness, don't drive or operate a vehicle

                don't take with alcohol

                notify M.D. if fever, nose bleeds, or sore throat occurs 

Term

 

Definition

Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting

Contraindications:hypersensitivity 

Interactions: Probenecid & Sulfinpyrazone prevent high urinary concentrations; decease effectiveness; increases risk of hepatotoxicity with hepatoxic drugs 

nursing implications: assess signs & symptoms of UTI

                              obtain cultures before and during drug use

                              monitor I&O

Teaching: take medication around clock as directed

               causes drowsiness & dizziness;avoid driving or operating machinary

               causes rust-yellow to brown discolored urine

               notify M.D. if fever, chills, cough, or rash occur

Term

Drug name: Amoxicillin

Generic: Trimox or Amoxil

Drug category: Anti-infectives, anti-ulcer agents, aminopenicillin

Action: resolves sign & symptoms of infections

Indications: treatment of<

Definition

Adverse effects: siezures, diarrhea, rashes, vomiting

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to penicillin; avoid patients with phenylkenuria

Interactions: decreases renal excretion, increases blood levels of amoxicillin, increases effect of warafarin 

Implications: asses PT for infection, check V/S, appearance of wound, sputum, urine, stool, WBC 2 begining & through out drug use, obtain specimen of culture & sensitivity before therapy, causes increase serum alkaline,LDH,AST

Teaching: Sharing medications is dangerous

               Take medication as directed even when you're feeling better

               tell female PT it will decrease the effectiveness of PO contreceptives

              notify M.D. if signs of superinfection occur (furry overgrowth) 

Term

HIGH ALERT 

Drug name: Digoxin

Generic: Digitek, Lanoxin

Category: Anti-arrhtymics, Intropics, digitalis glycosides

Action:Decrease severity of CHF, Ventricular response<

Definition

Adverse Effects:Fatigue,bradycardia,headache,weakness,nausea,vomiting

Contraindications: hypersensitivity in AV block, uncontrolled vantricular arrhythmias

Interactions: Licorice & aloe may increases the risk of potassium depletion, high fiber meals decrease absorption, excessive uses of laxitives may cause hypokalemia which increases rick of toxicity

Nursing Implications: monitor pulse for 1 minute prior to administering, withhold if rate is--

                       less than 60 (<60) in adult

                       less than 70(<70) in child

                       less than 90(<90) in an infant

                Monitor BP with IV PT

                Monitor EEG throught IV administration

                Monitor I&O

                Serum Digoxin level range is 0.5-2ng/ml

teaching:show PT how to take pulse & tell them to notify M.D. before                   taking medication if pulse rate is <60 or >100

                  Take as directed

                   Review signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity and call                         M.D. immediately if symptoms of CHF occur

                   Do Not share, sharing is dangerous 

 

Term

Drug name: Lasix

Generic: Furosemide

Category: diuretics, loop diuretics

Action: decrease edema, abdominal girth, increase urinary output, decrease BP

Indication: edema due to CHF, hepatic or r

Definition

Adverse effects: Dizziness, headache,insomnia, dehydration, hypomagnesia

contraindication: Hypersensitivity, Pre-exsisting electrolyte imbalance, hypatic coma

Interactions: May increase the effectiveness of warafarin,thrombolytic agents, or anti-coagulants. Increases hypotension with anti-hypertensives,nitrates, or acute ingestion of alcohol

Nursing Implications: assess fluid status during therapy, monitor daily weight,I&O ratio,amount and location of edema, lung sounds, skin turgor, and mucous membranes

Teaching:     Take medication as directed

                   Make position changes slowly to prevent light headedness

                   Consult M.D. regarding a diet increase in potassium

                  *Don't change brands when taking furosemide

                  *Diabetics should closely monitor blood sugar level because of increase in blood sugar while on this medication.
 

Term

Drug name: Ativan

Generic: Lorazepam

Category: Anesthetic, adjunts, anti-anxiety agent, sedative/hypnotic,benzodiazepines

Action: Increases sense of well being, decreases in subjective feelings of anxiety w

Definition

Adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, blurred vision

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity.Uncontrolled severe pain, narrow angle glaucoma

Interactions:Increases CNS depression with other CNS depressants including,but not limited to, alcohol,antihitamines,antidepressants.Smoking may increase metabolism and decrease effectiveness

Nursing Implications:

              Anxiety: Assess degree of anxiety throught therapy

                          long periods of medications can lead to pyschological or physical dependence

                          Restrict amount available to PT

 Teachings:         

                 Take as directed

                 If med is less effective cal M.D., DO NOT increase dose or stop; Abrupt withdrawl can cause tremors,nausea,abdominal and muscle cramps/ pain,vomiting

                  Causes dizziness, avoid driving or operating vehicle when taking this medication

                   Schedule Follow-ups

                   Call M.D. if Pregnant

Term

Drug name: Tylenol

Generic: Acetaminophin

Category: antipyretics, nonopioid analgesics

action: relief of mild pain, reduction of fever

Indications: mild pain, fever

Routes/Dosages:

Definition

Adverse effects: Liver damage from OD, Liver failure, renal failure(high dose or chronic use), hepatotoxicity

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to alcohol,asparation,sugar.Avoid PT with hypersensitivity intolerance

Interactions: Caoncurrent with barbituates, Phenytoin,Rifampin may cause the risk of liver damage.Chronic increase dose of acetaminophen (>2g.day) may increase risk of bleeding with warafarin.

Nursing Implications: Assess overall health and alcohol use

                              Assess amount,frequency,type of drugs taken by PT who are self medicating;increases risk of renal effects.

                              Pain: assess type/location/intesity before and 30-60minutes after medication is given

                              Fever: Assess feer and note presence of associated signs

                              Toxicity & OD: Acetadote is the antidote

 

Teachings: Take as directed

               *Chronic excessive use of >4g/day or 3g in alcoholics may lead to hepatoxicity or renal,or cardiac damage*

               Avoid alcohol

               * for children,parents or gaurgiands should check concentration of liquid preperations-errors have resulted in serious liver damage* 

 

Term

Drug name: valium

Generic: Diazepam

Category: Anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,sedative/hypnotic,muscle relaxant

Action: Decrease level of anxiety after 1-2 weeks of therapy

     

Definition

Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy

Contraindications:Hypersensitivity. Comatose PT, pre-exsisting CNS depression.Uncontrolled severe pain.

Interactions: Alcohol,anti-depressants,antihistamine,opioid analgesics.Concurrents use in additive CNS depression 

Nursing implications: Monitor BP,Pulse, Respiratory rate before and during use

                              Assess IV site frequently

                              Prolonged use may lead to psychological or physical dependence

                              Anxiety: assess degree and level of sedation before and through out use

                             Siezures: record intesity/duration/location. Will control siezure after 15-20min after does

                              Muscle Spasm: Assess spasm associated with pain and limitation of movement before and through out use f med.

                               Alcohol witdrawl:Assess PT experienceing withdrawl for tremors,agitation,delirium. and hallucinations

Teachings: Take as directed

                 Dont operate or drive and machinary or vehicles when taking

                 Dont take with alcohol

               *Siezure PT should carry ID bracelet with disease and med. regime at ALL times!!*

              * very important to follow up with M.D. to determine effectiveness*

Term

Drug name: Inderal

Generic: Propranolol

Category: Beta-Blockers,anti-anginals, anti-arrhythmias,asnti-hypertensives

Action: decreases BP, Controls Arrhythmias without appearance of detrimental side effects,

Definition

Adverse effects: Fatigue, weakness,impotence, constipation, diarrhea, memory loss 

Contraindications:Uncompensated CHF,Pulmonary edema, cardio shock, severe hepatic impairment, asthma

Interactions: General anesthetics, IV Phenyton & Verapamic may increase myocardial depression. Increase bradycardia may occur with digoxin, may alter effect of insulin

nursing Implications: Monitor BP & pulse frequently during close adjustment & during therapy

                               Continuous ECG monitoring and may have pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or central venous pressure

                                Monitor for several hours after administration

                                Monitor I&O and daily weight loss

                                Assess for PT fluid overload

Toxicity & OD: Monitor PT recieving beta-adrenergic blocking agents for signs of OD

 Teaching:    Take as directed

                   Dont skip dose or double missed dose

                   Make sure there is enough medication for holidays/vacations

                   Show PT & family how to check BP and pulse

                   Dont drive or operate machinary while taking this medication

                   Diabetics should closely monitor blood sugar,especially if weakness,irretabilty, or fatigue occurs

Term

Drug name: Colace

Generic: Ducosate sodium

Category: Laxitive

Action: soft formed BM within 24-48 hours

Indications: Prevention of constipation in PT who should avoid straining, such as MI or r

Definition

Adverse effects: Throat irritation,cramps,rashes

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting

Interactions: none significant

Nursing Implications: Assess BM color, consistency, and amount produced

                               Assess abdominal distension, presence od bowel sounds, usual pattern of bowel functions

 

Teachings:

              Use short-term

              Use other forms of bowel regulations like diet, fluid intake, and activity

              cardiac PT should avoid straining during BM

              Dont take with other laxatives

              Dont use if experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever

Term

HIGH ALERT

Drug name: KCL Elixir

Generic: Potassium Chloride

Category: mineral & electrolyte replacements & supplements

Action: Prevention & correction of serum potassium depletion,

Definition

Adverse effects: Confussion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting

Contraindications: Hyperkalemia, severe real impairment, severe tissue trauma

Interactions: Use with Potassium sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors. Anti-cholinergics may increase GI mucosal lesions in PT taking wax-matrix potassium chloride preperations

Nursing Implications:

        Assess signs signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

        Mointor BP,pulse, ECG periodically during therapy

        Toxicity&OD: symptoms are that of hypokalemia (slow irregular heart beat,muscle weakness, fatigue)

Teachings:

    Need to take as directed

    some extended-release tabs are contained in a wax-matrix that may be expelled in stool- occurence not significant

    avoid salt substitutes or low-salt milk food unless approved by M.D.

    Report to M.D. if stool is dark, tarry, bloody, or if unusual fatigue or tingling of extremities occur

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