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MCB-2 Block 1 Gems-5
Cancer Treatment and Case Studies
15
Microbiology
Graduate
05/20/2011

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Cards

Term
ssDNA repair Defects
Definition
BRCA1/BRCA2: repair ssDNA breaks by
recombination

PARP: repairs ssDNA breaks.

Cancers with loss of BRCA1+2 repair are
sensitive to PARP inhibitors
Term
G1 -> S phase inhibitors
(therapeutics that damage DNA)
Definition
Platinum coordination compounds: form
complexes between guanine.

Alkylating Agents: Abnormal base
pairing with thymine -> strand breakage

Kill cells by initiating DNA damage pathways.(P53)
Term
S Phase inhibitors

Antimetabolites: Lack nucleotides for synthesis
Definition
Interfere with production of nucleic acids

Purine: mercaptopurine

Pyrimidine: 5-fluorouracil binds to
thymidylate synthase

Folic Acid: Methotrexate

All block DNA synthesis
Term
Agents that inhibit G2 -> M
Definition
Lack of G2 -> M checkpoint control _>
mitotic catastrophe(p53 independent
apoptosis)

Low dose of doxorubicin -> mitotic
catastrophe

Doxurubicin inhibits topoisomerase II
Term
Agents that inhibit M phase

Mitotic spindle inhibitors
Definition
Paclitaxel(Taxol):
Stabilizes Microtubles, No dissassembly

Vinblastine, Vincristine:
Binds tubulin sub units, prevents
polymerization
Term
Pro-Apoptosis strategies
Definition
Adenoviral p53 gene therapy

Bortezomib(Velcade) blocks proteasome activity
-> buildup of BAX

Inhibit Bcl-2, Bcl-xL.(BCl inhibits
pore formation)
Term
Targeting GF and GFRs
Definition
VEGF: Bevacizumab(Avastin)

EGFR: Cetuximab(Erbitux)


HER2: Tratuzumab(herceptin)
Term
Drugs targeting kinases(RTKs)
Definition
Tarceva and Iressa = EGFR TKI

Imatinib/Glevac inhibit Bcr-ABL fusion
(philadelphia chromosome, CML)
Term
Inhibition of Angiogenesis
Definition
VEGF: Bevacizumab(avastin)
Monoclonal VEGF antibody

ECM derived: Thrombospondin, Endostatin
Block response to VEGF
Term
RetinoBlastoma
Definition
Mutation in RB LOF(normally binds EGF)

Leukocoria(white eye)

Germline mutation: 1 yr old. Bilateral.

Normally presents 0-2 years old

AD inheritance patern
Term
Familial Breast Cancer
Definition
Mutation in BRCA1/2 LOF

BRCA2 increases risk in males

Inheritance pattern AD

Increased risk of prostate or ovarian
cancer
Term
CML
Definition
t(9;22)

Palpable Spleen. Elevated WBC

Gleevac treats.

NO inheritance risk. Acquired transloation
Term
FAP(familial adenomatous polyposis)
Definition
APC mutated -> Increase in B-catenin

AD inheritance patern. Test childern

Need additional mutations to progress
from adenoma to carcinoma

Many POLYPs
Term
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Definition
NF1(Ras GAP) mutation LOF

Have prolonged activation of Ras
(Ras gap inactivates Ras)

Inheritence AD 100% penetrance.

Lisch nodules, Cafe-au-lait spots
Bilateral freckling
Term
Xeroderma Pigmentosum(XP)
Definition
Severe sun sensititvy, hyperpigmentation

Mutation in Nucleotide Excision repair
genes

Autosomal recessive Inheritance pattern

Pyrimidine dimers cant be repaired
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