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MCAT General Chemistry Review 5
Lesson 5 - Heat Capacity, Phase Change and Colligative Properties
21
Chemistry
Not Applicable
06/27/2011

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Term
Heat Capacity, C
Definition
Measure of the energy change needed to change the temperature of a substance.
Term
Specific Heat Capacity
Definition

Heat capacity per unit mass.

q=CΔT

q=mcΔT

Term
Specific Heat of water
Definition
cwater=1 cal g-1 oC-1
Term
Coffee cup calorimeter
Definition

Constant pressure calorimeter that measure energy change at atmospheric pressure.

Measures heat of reaction

Term
Heat of reaction
Definition
ΔH
Term
Bomb Calorimeter
Definition

Measure the energy change at constant volume.

Tell us the internal energy change in a reaction.

ΔU

Term
Heat of Fusion
Definition
Enthalpy change associated with melting.
Term
Heat of Vaporization
Definition
Enthaply change associated with boiling.
Term
Triple Point
Definition
Point on the phase diagram where the substance can exist in equilibrium as a solid, liquid and gas.
Term
Crtitical Temperature
Definition
Temperature above which a substance cannot be liquified regardless of pressure applied.
Term
Critical Pressure
Definition
The pressure required to produce liquefaction while the substance is at critical temperature.
Term
Critical Point
Definition

Critical Temp and Pressure.

Substance beyong this point have characteristics of both gas and liquid called a supercritical fluid.

Term
Colligative Properties
Definition

Properties that depend soley on the number of particles and not the type.

Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, Freezing Point, and Osmotic Pressure.

Term
Boiling Point Elevation
Definition
ΔT=kbmi
Term
Addition of nonvolatile solute
Definition
BP increases, MP decreases
Term
Freezing Point Depression
Definition
ΔT = kfmi
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition

Measure of the tendancy of water to move into a solution via osmosis.

∏=iMRT

 

Only relevant when comparing one solution to another.

Term
Osmotic Potential
Definition
A partial measure of a system's free energy.
Term
How does salt affect freezing point off water?
Definition
Salts lowers the freezing points of water.
Term
Which salt lowers freezing point most?
Definition

The salt that releases the most particles per gram.

(Divide total particles by MW)

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