Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MCAT General Chemistry Review 2
Lesson 2 - Gases, Kinetics and Chemical Equations
23
Chemistry
Not Applicable
06/23/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
STP
Definition
0oC and 1 atm
Term
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Definition

Model of an ideal gas:

-No volume

-No forces (but repulsive due to collisions)

-Completely elastic collision

-Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to temperature

Term
Ideal Gas Law
Definition

PV=nRT

(R=0.08206 L atm K-1mol-1 or 8.314J K-1mol-1)

Term
Volume of one mole of an ideal gas at STP
Definition
22.4 L
Term
Mole fraction, Χa
Definition
Number of moles of gas / total moles of the sample
Term
Partial Pressure, Pa
Definition
Pa=XaPtotal
Term
Dalton's Law
Definition
The total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each of its gases.
Term
Average translational KE
Definition
KE=3/2 RT
Term
Graham's Law
Definition
v1/v2=√m2/√m1
Term
Effusion
Definition
Spreading of a gas from high pressure to low pressure through a pinhole.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Spreading of one gas into another gas or into empty space.
Term
Effusion Rate
Definition
effusion rate1/effusion rate2 = √M2/√M1
Term
Real gases deviate from Ideal gases at:
Definition
High pressure and Low Temperature
Term
Arrhenious Equation for rate constant, k, of a reaction
Definition
k=Ae-Ea/RT
Term
Overall Reaction Order
Definition
Sum of all the orders of each respective reactant.
Term
Rate determining step
Definition
The rate of the slowest elementary step that determines the overall reaction.
Term
Slowest step is the first step
Definition

The rate law can be derived directly from this step and no other.

Ex:

1. NO2+NO2-->NO3+NO (slow)

2. NO3+CO-->NO2+CO2 (fast)

rate = k[NO2]2

Term
Slowest step is other than the first step
Definition

The slow step is still rate determining but setps prior to the slow step will contribute to the rate determing step.

Ex:

1. NO+Br2-->NOBr2 (fast)

2. NOBr2+NO-->2NOBr (slow)

rate = k[NOBr2][NO]

Term
mass = moles x MW
Definition
Term
Equilibrium
Definition

Rate of the forward equals the reverse.

This is the point of greatest entropy.

Term

aA+bB-->cC+dD

The Law of Mass Action

Definition

K=[C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b

 

K is the equilibrium constant

Term
Reaction Quotient, Q
Definition

Q=[C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b

Q always changes towards K.

Q = K, Equilibrium

Q>K, leftward shift

Q<K, rightward shift

Term
Le Chatlelier's Principle
Definition

When a system at equilibrium is stressed, the sstem will shift in a direction to reduce the stress.

1)Adding/removing reactants/products

2)Changing the pressure in the system

3) heating/cooling

Supporting users have an ad free experience!