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Matter Chapter 15
Vocabulary Chapter 15 Physical Science
22
Science
9th Grade
09/19/2013

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Term
substance (or pure substance)
Definition
A type of matter with a fixed composition (uniform throughout).  It can be an element or a compound.  Hydrogen, salt, water, and copper are all expamples.
Term
Element
Definition
A substance made up of one type of atom.  These substances cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.  Examples are iron, helium, copper and sodium.  They are found on the periodic table.
Term
Compound
Definition
A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined.  Examples are water, salt, carbon dioxide, and sugar.  These substances can be broken down into their elements by chemical means.
Term
Mixture
Definition
A material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.  Pizza, salt water, and muddy water are examples.
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
A mixture in which different materials in the mixture can be distinguished easily (a mixture which does not look the same throughout).  A cup of lucky charms, mixed berries or dry soup mix are examples. These mixtures are separated by physical means.
Term
Colloid
Definition
A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out.  Fog, paint and coolwhip are examples of this type of mixture.
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
A mixture which is blended uniformly throughout.  All parts of the mixture look the same.  Examples are soft drinks in sealed bottles, vinegar and metal alloys.  These mixtures are separated by physical means.
Term
Solution
Definition
Another term for homogeneous mixture.
Term
Tyndall effect
Definition
The method of shining a flashlight through a mixture to determine if the mixture is a colloid or homogeneous mixture.  The light beam will be scattered if the mixture is a colloid, but go straight through if it is a solution.
Term
Suspension
Definition
A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.  Suspensions will show the tyndall effect like colloids.  But unlike colloids, suspensions settle and can be separated with a filter paper.  Muddy pond water is an example.
Term
Physical Property
Definition
Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance.  Examples are color, shape, size, density, magnetism, melting and boiling point.
Term
Physical Change
Definition
A change in the size, shape, or state of matter.  Examples are crushing a sugar cube or boiling and freezing.
Term
Distillation
Definition
A physical separation method which uses the property of different boiling points to separate a mixture.
Term
Chemical Property
Definition
A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.  Flammability of a substance or the reactivity of a substance are examples.
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
A change of one substance into another.  Burning, rotting and rusting are examples.
Term
Clues of a chemical change
Definition
A combination of changes in temperature and color, formation of a gas (bubbling or fizzing), or a solid, and production of light or sound
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass
Definition
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.  The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products after a chemical reaction has taken place.
Term
Reactant
Definition

The substances in a chemical reaction that are reacting together.  In a chemical equation, they are shown to the left of the arrow:

 

H2 H2 + O2

Term
Product
Definition

The substances in a chemical reaction that are being produced.  In a chemical equation, they are shown to the right of the arrow:

 

H2O  H2 + O2

Term
Physical Weathering
Definition
The expansion and contraction of rocks due to freezing and thawing or the movement of substances from one place to another by water or wind.
Term
Chemical Weathering
Definition
The formation of new substanes by chemical changes like acid rain's effect on marble or acidic waters forming
Term
Matter
Definition
Has mass an takes up space
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