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Matter and Measurement
Terms and Equations related to the study of mass and how it is measured.
46
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/16/2013

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Term
Element
Definition
Fundamental substance that can't be changed chemically or broken down into anything simpler
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A proposition or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for an observed set of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation or accepted as highly probably in light of established facts
Term
Theory
Definition
A coherent group of tested general propositions generally regarded as correct, that can be used as principles of explanation and prediction for a class of phenomena
Term
Scientific Law
Definition
A phenomena of nature that has been proven to invariably occur whenever certain conditions exist or are met.
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
A chart of the elements arranged by increasing atomic number so that elements in a given group have similar chemical properties
Term
Property
Definition
Any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter
Term
Intensive Property
Definition
Properties of matter whose values do NOT depend on the amount of a sample
Term
Extensive Properties
Definition
Properties of matter whose values do depend on the amount of a sample
Term
Physical Properties
Definition
Properties of matter that do NOT involve a change in the sample's chemical makeup.
Term
Chemical Properties
Definition
Properties of matter that do involve a change in the sample's chemical makeup.
Term
Mass
Definition
The amount of matter in an object. SI unit is the kilogram. Independent of an objects location.
Term
Weight
Definition
A measure of the force with which gravity pulls on an object. Depends on the location of an object.
Term
Meter
Definition
Standard SI unit of length.
Term
Kilogram
Definition
Standard SI unit of mass.
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Energy of motion
Term
Accuracy
Definition
How close a value is to the true value of a given measurement
Term
Precision
Definition
How well a number of independent measurements agree with one another.
Term
Significant Figures
Definition
The total number of units recorded for a measurement.
Term
Rule #1 for significant figures
Definition
Zeros in the middle of a number are always significant.
Term
Rule #2 for significant figures
Definition
Zeros at the beginning of a number are not significant.
Term
Rule #3 for significant figures
Definition
Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal point are always significant.
Term
Rule #4 for significant figures
Definition
Zeros at the end of a number and to the left of the decimal point may or may not be considered significant.
Term
Rule #1 for Significant Figures and Rounding in Calculations
Definition
When multiplying or dividing values, the resulting number cannot have more significant figures than any of the original values.
Term
Rule #2 for Significant Figures and Rounding in Calculations
Definition
When adding or subtracting values the answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than either of the original numbers.
Term
Rule #1 for Rounding
Definition
If the first digit you remove is less than 5, round down by dropping that value and all following values.
Term
Rule #2 for Rounding
Definition
If the first digit you remove isĀ 5 or greater, round up by adding 1 to the value to the left of the value dropped.
Term
Dimensional Analysis
Definition
A method of converting one unit into an equivalent quantity with another unit.
Term
Conversion Factor
Definition
An expression that describes the relationship between two different units.
Term
Cubic meter
Definition
SI unit of volume
Term
Celcius to Fahrenheit Conversion
Definition
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Term
Fahrenheit to Celcius Conversion
Definition
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Term
Conversion between degree Celcius and Kelvin
Definition
[image]
Term
Density Equation
Definition
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Term
Chemistry
Definition
The study of the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter.
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that occupies space or has mass; the physical material of the universe
Term
Atom
Definition
the smallest representative particle of an element
Term
Molecule
Definition
a substance composed of two or more atoms
Term
Compound
Definition
a substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definite proportions
Term
gas
Definition
matter that has no fixed volume or shape; it conforms to the shape and volume of the container
Term
liquid
Definition
matter that has a distinct volume, but no specific shape
Term
solid
Definition
matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume
Term
states of matter
Definition
the three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, gas
Term
pure substance
Definition
matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties
Term
mixture
Definition
a combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains is own chemical identity
Term
solution
Definition
a mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture
Term
Law of Constant Composition (Law of Definite Proportions)
Definition
A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure substance is always the same, regardless of its source.
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