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Maternal and Child Nursing Care, Ch. 4 (3rd ed)
Obstetrics: Timeline of Organ System Development in Embryo/Fetus
89
Nursing
Not Applicable
03/07/2012

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Cards

Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Nervous
Definition
Groove forms along middle back
Neural Tube froms from closure of neural groove
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Beginning of blood circulation
Tubular heart begins to form at end of this period
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
GI
Definition
Liver begins to function
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Genitourinary
Definition
Formation of kidneys beginning
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Respiratory
Definition
Nasal pits forming
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Endocrine
Definition
Thyroid tissue appears
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Eyes
Definition
Optic cup and lens pit have formed
Pigment in eyes
Term
2-3 weeks
2 mm C-R
Ears
Definition
Auditory pit is now enclosed structure
Term
4 weeks
4-6 mm C-R
Weight
Definition
0.4 grams
Term
4 weeks
4-6 mm C-R
Nervous
Definition
Anterior portion of neural tube closes to form brain
Closure of posterior end forms spinal cord
Term
4 weeks
4-6 mm C-R
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Noticeable limb buds
Term
4 weeks
4-6 mm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Tubular heart beats by the end of this period
Primitive red blood cells circulate through fetus/chorionic villi
Term
4 weeks
4-6 mm C-R
GI
Definition
Mouth: formation of oral cavity
Primitive jaws present
Esophagotracheal septum begins division of esophagus and trachea
Stomach forms
Esophagus and intestine become tubular
Ducts of pancreas and liver forming
Term
5 weeks
8 mm C-R
Weight
Definition
Only 0.5 % of total body weight is fat
Term
5 weeks
8 mm C-R
Nervous
Definition
Brain has differentiated
Cranial nerves present
Term
5 weeks
8 mm C-R
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Developing muscles have innervation
Term
5 weeks
8 mm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Atrial division has occurred
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Bone rudiments present
Primitive skeletal shape forming
Muscle mass begins to develop
Ossification of skull and jaws begins
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Chambers present in heart
Groups of blood cells can be identified
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
GI
Definition
Oral and nasal cavities and upper lip formed
Liver begins to form red blood cells
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
Respiratory
Definition
Trachea, bronchi, and lung buds present
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
Ears
Definition
Formation of external, middle, and inner ear continues
Term
6 weeks
12 mm C-R
Sexual Development
Definition
Embryonic sex glands appear
Term
7 weeks
18 mm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Fetal heartbeats can be detected
Term
7 weeks
18 mm C-R
GI
Definition
Mouth: tongue separates; palate folds.
Digestive tract: stomach attains final form
Term
7 weeks
18 mm C-R
Genitourinary
Definition
Separation of bladder and urethra from rectum
Term
7 weeks
18mm C-R
Respiratory
Definition
Diaphragm separates abdominal and thoracic cavities
Term
7 weeks
18 mm C-R
Eyes
Definition
Optic nerve formed
Eyelids appear
Thickening of lens
Term
7 weeks
18 mm C-R
Sexual developement
Definition
Differentiation of sex glands into ovaries and testes begins
Term
8 weeks
2.5 - 3 cm. C-R
Weight
Definition
2 grams
Term
8 weeks
2.5-3 cm C-R
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Digits formed
Further differentiation of primitive skeleton
Cartilaginous bones show first signs of ossification
Development of muscles in trunk, limbs, head
Some movement of fetus is now possible
Term
8 weeks
2.5 - 3 cm C-R
Cardiovascular
Definition
Development of heart essentially complete
Fetal circulation follows two circuits - four extraembryonic and two intraembryonic
Heartbeat can be heard with doppler anywhere from the end of this week up until the next 4 weeks
Term
8 weeks
2.5 -3 cm C-R
GI
Definition
Mouth: completion of lip fusion
Digestive tract: rotation in midgut
Anal membrane has perforated
Term
8 weeks
2.5 - 3 cm. C-R
Ears
Definition
External, middle, and inner ear assuming final form
Term
8 weeks
2.5 -3 cm. C-R
Sexual development
Definition
Male and female external genitals appear similar until end of the next week
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm C-R
Weight
Definition
14 grams
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Nervous
Definition
Neurons appear at caudal end of spinal cord
Basic divisions of brain present
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Fingers and toes begin nail growth
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
GI
Definition
Mouth: separation of lips from jaw; fusion of palate folds
Digestive tract: developing intestines enclosed in abdomen
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Genitourinary
Definition
Bladder sac formed
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Endocrine
Definition
Islets of Langerhans differentiated
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Eyes
Definition
Eyelids fused closed
Development of lacrimal duct
Term
10 weeks
5-6 cm. C-R
Sexual Development
Definition
Males: production of testosterone and physical characteristics during the two week prior to and following this time.
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Weight
Definition
45 grams
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Clear outlining of miniature bones from this week up to 20 weeks
Process of ossification is established throughout the fetal body
Appearance of involuntary muscles in viscera
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
GI
Definition
Mouth: completion of palate
Digestive tract: appearance of muscles in gut; bile secretion begins; liver is major producer of red blood cells
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Respiratory
Definition
Lungs acquire definitive shape
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Skin
Definition
Pink and delicate
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Endocrine
Definition
Hormonal secretion from thyroid; insulin present in pancreas
Term
12 weeks
8 cm C-R; 11.5 cm C-H
Immunologic
Definition
Appearance of lymphoid tissue in fetal thymus gland
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Weight
Definition
200 grams
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Teeth beginning to form hard tissue that will become central incisors
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
GI
Definition
Mouth: differentiation of hard and soft palate
Digestive tract: development of gastric and intestinal glands; intestines begin to collect meconium
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Genitourinary
Definition
Kidneys assume typical shape and organization
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Skin
Definition
Appearance of scalp hair, lanugo present on body
Transparent skin with visible blood vessels
Sweat glands developing
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Eyes, ears, nose:
Definition
Fully formed
Term
16 weeks
13.5 cm C-R; 15 cm C-H
Sexual Development
Definition
Sex determination possible
Term
18 weeks
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Teeth beginning to form hard tissue - enamel and dentine that will become the lateral incisors
Term
18 weeks
Cardiovascular
Definition
Fetal heart tones audible with fetoscope at up to two weeks prior or two weeks after this week.
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Weight
Definition
435 g (6% of total body weight is fat)
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Nervous
Definition
Myelination of spinal cord begins
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Teeth beginning to form hard tissue that will become canine and first molar.
Lower limbs are of final relative proportions
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
GI
Definition
Fetus actively sucks and swallows amniotic fluid
Peristaltic movements begin
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Skin
Definition
Lanugo covers entire body
Brown fat begins to form
Vernix caseosa begins to form
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Immunologic
Definition
Detectable levels of fetal antibodies (IgG)
Term
20 weeks
19 cm. C-R; 25 cm. C-H
Blood formation
Definition
Iron is stored and bone marrow is increasingly important
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Weight
Definition
780 grams
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Nervous
Definition
Brain looks like mature brain
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Teeth are beginning to form hard tissue that will become the second molars
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Respiratory
Definition
Respiratory movements may occur anywhere from this week up to 40 weeks
Nostrils open
Alveoli appear in lungs and begin production of surfactant
Gas exchange possible
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Skin
Definition
Reddish and wrinkled
Vernix caseosa present
Term
24 weeks
23 cm C-R; 28 cm. C-H
Immunologic
Definition
IgG levels reach maternal levels
Term
28 weeks
27 cm. C-R; 35 cm. C-H
Weight
Definition
1200 - 1250 grams
Term
28 weeks
27 cm. C-R; 35 cm. C-H
Nervous
Definition
Begins regulation of some body functions
Term
28 weeks
27 cm. C-R; 35 cm. C-H
Skin
Definition
Adipose tissue accumulates rapidly
Nails appear
Eyebrows and eyelashes present
Term
28 weeks
27 cm. C-R; 35 cm. C-H
Eyes
Definition
Eyelids open between 2 weeks prior to this week up to one week after this week
Term
28 weeks
27 cm. C-R; 35 cm. C-H
Sexual development
Definition
Males: testes descend into the inguinal canal and upper scrotum
Term
32 weeks
31 cm C-R; 38-43 C-H
Weight
Definition
2000 grams
Term
32 weeks
31 cm C-R; 38-43 C-H
Nervous
Definition
More reflexes present
Term
36 weeks
35 cm C-R; 48-52 cm C-H
Weight
Definition
2500-2750 grams
Term
36 weeks
35 cm C-R; 48-52 cm C-H
Musculoskeletal
Definition
Distal femoral ossification centers present
Term
36 weeks
35 cm C-R; 48-52 cm C-H
Skin
Definition
Pale
Body rounded with lanugo disappearing
Hair fuzzy or wooly
Few sole creases
Sebaceous glands active and helping to produce vernix caseosa from now until 40 weeks
Term
36 weeks
35 cm C-R; 48-52 cm C-H
Ears
Definition
Earlobes soft with little cartilage
Term
36 weeks
35 cm C-R; 48-52 cm C-H
Sexual development
Definition
Males: scrotum small and few rugae present
Descent of testicles into upper scrotum to stay (between now and 40 weeks)
Females: labia majora and minora equally prominent
Term
38-40 weeks
40 cm. C-R; 48-52 cm. C-H
Weight
Definition
3200 + grams (16% of total body weight is fat)
Term
38-40 weeks
40 cm. C-R; 48-52 cm. C-H
Respiratory
Definition
Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ration approaches 2:1 (this indicates decreased risk of respiratory distress from inadequate surfactant production if born now)
Term
38-40 weeks
40 cm. C-R; 48-52 cm. C-H
Skin
Definition
Smooth and pink
Vernix present in skin folds
Moderate to profuse silky hair
Lanugo on shoulders and upper back
Nails extend over tips of digits
Creases cover sole
Term
38-40 weeks
40 cm. C-R; 48-52 cm. C-H
Ears
Definition
Earlobes firmer because of increased cartilage
Term
38-40 weeks
40 cm. C-R; 48-52 cm. C-H
Sexual development
Definition
Males: rugous scrotum
Females: labia majora well developed and minor small or completely covered
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