Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Mastitis
NA
38
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
10/26/2015

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What percentage of cows is culled annually due to mastitis?
Definition

3.6%

avg. 40 cases per 100 cows

Term
What costs are included for cases of mastitis
Definition

vet cost

labour cost

treatment

reduced milk yield

discarded milk 

Term
what are the two types of pathogens for causing mastitis
Definition
contagious and environmental
Term
What are the major contagious pathogens causing mastitis
Definition

staph aureus

strep agalactiae

strep dysgalactiae

mycoplasma

Cornyebacterium

Term
What are the main environmental pathogens causing mastitis
Definition

E.coli

strep uberis

other coliforms

 

Term
What are the cow factors influencing the incidence of mastitis
Definition

- Anatomy

- Intramammary defence mechanisms

- lactation stage

- Age 

Term
What are the natural defence mechansisms in the udder
Definition

1. teat skin- may become compromised

2. teat canal barrier- lined with keratinised epithelium-> secretes keratin into canal after milking to form a seal and prevent bacteria entry ( takes about 30 min to form) 

3. genetics- large penduluous udder and cone shaped teats are more prone

4. defences within the udder- lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, inducible ( WBC into the udder) 

Term
lactoferrin
Definition
iron binding protein, removes iron from udder secretions to prevent bacteria gaining access to iron for colonisation
Term
lactoperoxidase
Definition
enzyme-bacteriostatic on gram + and bacteriocidal on gram -
Term
how much casein is in milk
Definition
2.6%
Term
milk contains how much butterfat
Definition
3.8%
Term
milk contains how much lactose
Definition
4.6%
Term
milk has a ph of ?
Definition
6.7
Term
Which factors are decreased during mastitis?
Definition

casein, lactose , butterfat

total proteins

ca, phosphorous

total milk yield

taste

Term
Which factors are increased during a mastitis case
Definition

RBC

WBC

NA, CL-

bacteria

ph ( 7)

milk conductivity

plasmin ( degrades casein) 

lipase 

Term
detection of clinical mastitis
Definition

foremilking

palpation and observation

behaviour of cow ( grade 3) 

ambic in line detectors

milk sock/filter at end of milking

Term
detection of subclinical mastitis
Definition

SCC

bactoscan

milk conductivity increases

acute phase proteins ( said to increase 24 hrs before clinical signs appear) 

Term
SCC include which cells
Definition

1% epithelial cells

99% WBCs

Term
what is a healthy ICSCC?
Definition
< 200,000
Term
6 point plan to control mastitis
Definition

1. regular milking machine maintenance

2. post milking teat disinfection

3. dry cow therapy

4. prompt treatment and recording of cases

5. culling chronic cases

6. milking routine 

Term
where is staph aureus reservoir
Definition
udder, but can persist on teat skin
Term
what are the three common outcomes for staph aureus infection
Definition

peracute gangrenous mastitis

acute mastitis

chronic mastitis 

Term
color of udder secretion for a staph aureus infection
Definition
reddish brown, gas
Term
what kind of therapy is great for strep.agalactiae
Definition
blitz therapy
Term
strep dysgalactiae can be a sign of what?
Definition
poor teat condition
Term
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition

contaminated water, udderwash, teat dip, dry tubes

blue green in color udder secretions

response to treatment is poor

Term
Where is strep uberis commonly found
Definition

environment, straw yards

widespread on the skin of the cow. there are certain strains that are highly resistant to the the phagocytosis by WBC and develop into chronic reoccurences

 

Term
C. Bovis can be a sign of ?
Definition
poor post milking teat disinfection
Term
cull cows
Definition
have had 3 or more mastitis cases in the same quarter in the same lactation ( or 5 cases in all quarters of the same lactation), over 500,000 cells for 3 months
Term
Grade 1 mastitis
Definition

milk change only

farmer usually admins tubes

3 consecutive tubes

Term
Grade 2 mastitis
Definition

milk and udder changes

call vet

might need parentral abs and NSAIDS as well as intrammamary tubes

 

Term
Grade 3 mastitis
Definition

systemic illness

coliforms and staph aureus

prompt treatment

Term
Who commonly has summer mastitis?
Definition

dry cows and heifers 

in fields next to woods 

Term
who are the major pathogens for summer mastitis
Definition

T.pyogenes, strep dysgalactiae

head fly- mechanical transmission 

Term
Treatment for summer mastitis
Definition

parentral ab injection

intramammary ab

NSAIDS

strip udder manually often

remove from cows

keep away from fields

dry cow therapy 

Term
Treatment to coliform mastitis
Definition

1. fluid therapy- maintain blood volume

- oral or IV ( isotonic( 10-15L) or hypertonic(3L) saline- jug vein- make cow drink) 

2. NSAIDS- reduce temp and pain 

3. AB

4. calcium borogluconate- cause can also be hypocalcaemia

5. quarter stripping and oxytocin to allow milk let down more easily

6. TLC

Term
action for high SCC in cows
Definition

cull 

treat

early dry cow therapy

milking order

discarding milk 

Term
Benefits of a mastitis control program
Definition

it is a herd problem

increase in milk revenue

decreased replacement rate

reduced treatment of clinical cases

lowered costs incorporated in a mastitis case 

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