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Marine
Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 sec. 1
42
Science
11th Grade
08/28/2007

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Term
Marine Biology
Definition
the scientific study of organisms that live in the sea
Term
Why study marine bio?
Definition
1) food
2) medicine
3) weather
4) origins
5) monotor pollution
6) any dying out organisms
Term
Oceanography includes what 4 sciences?
Definition
1) geology
2) chemistry
3) physics
4) biology
Term
HMS Beagle
Definition
1831-1836;
Darwin sailed around the world on it in 5 years.
Mission of the it was to map the coast line.
Term
Edward Forbes
Definition
1840s-1850s;
Carried out extensive dreadging of the sea floor.
Found new organisms.
Founded the Azoic Theory.
Term
Azoic Theory
Definition
Founded by Edward Forbes;
The deeper you go the less organisms you find and finally there are no more.
Term
Challenger Expedition
Definition
Cat Wyville Thompson; 1st oceangraphic Vessel (studying the ocean)
Term
What did the challenger discover?
Definition
1) midocean ridge system
2) found new specim
Term
SONAR
Definition
1940; Sound Navigation and Ranging;
Sonar is bades on the detection for under water echos.
Submarine warfare promitited it.
Term
SCUBA
Definition
1945; Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus;
Coustoaw discovered it.
Term
R/V Flip
Definition
Research Vessel; Floating Instromental Platform
Term
Alvin
Definition
Submarine; man made submarine
Term
ROV's
Definition
remotely operated vehicles; deep control from surface
Term
computers and GPS
Definition
definding location when looking for a vent
Term
Satellites used for?
Definition
1) GPS
2) Find Storms
3) Measure Phitoplankton growth
Term
100% atmoshpers is composed of?
Definition
78%-nitrogen
21%-oxygen
.5%-everthing else
Term
Meteor
Definition
1925-1927; used and echo sounder ofSONAR
Term
8% of the total surface of the world's oran depth...
Definition
the most productive part of the ocean run off caries nitrogen; shallower-nutrients stireed by waves (storms & tides)
Term
Canyons form near?
Definition
rivers
Term
How do canyons form?
Definition
1) due to turbidity currents (underwater avalanche of sediment)
2) atone time rivers that now have been drowned
Term
turbidity current
Definition
murky
Term
Marginal Seas
Formed where?
Definition
seperated from the oceans;
1) behind island arces
2) between continental blocks
3) at a spreading zone
Term
Behind Island arces
Marginal Seas
Definition
convergent; ex. Sea of Japan, subduction zone, Berring Sea
Term
Between Continental Blocks
Marginal Seas
Definition
convergent; Med. Sea, Black Sea, Gulf of Mexico
Term
At a spreading zone
marginal seas
Definition
divergent; ex. Red Sea, Gulf of California
Term
Characteristics of Marginal Seas
Definition
1) more changable weather
2) some freeze over (Ojhotsk)
3) strong evap. (Red Sea, Med. Sea)
4) affect land masses (gulf affecting Fl, GA)
Term
shelf break
Definition
were slope and shelf meet about 800ft;
formed when the earth had its lowest sea level;
widest is Arctic
Term
Coatal Plain
Definition
land equivalent of the shelf ends at the fall line
Term
Slope:
How steep is the slope?
why is the slope imp?
Definition
steep: 4 degrees
imp: it collects sediment (great place to find oil)
Term
The rise at the base of the slope is formed from?
Definition
were the sediemnt has slid of the slope; it flattens out; ex. abbisial hills
Term
Where are sediment found?
shelf, slope & rise, plains
Definition
shelf: 33%
slope % rise: 45% (it is a break so it catches)
plains: 22%
Term
More sediment on ocean bottom or shelf/slope?
Definition
shelf/slope bec material on bottom=marine snow
Term
Earth surface is composed of?
Definition
29% land above sea level
71% land below sea level- 8% shelf, 23% ridges & rises, 29.5% deep ocean floor, and 10%(slope ect.)
Term
Mid atlantic ridge
Definition
1-3 km tall; rift valley similar to East African Rift valley
Term
rift
Definition
plaes moved apart- divergent boundry
Term
Tranverse faults are?
Imp BC?
Definition
are: land that is slipping past one anothe not going toward or away ex. romanchie trench
BC: bottom from one side of the Atlantic ocean communicate with the other
Term
Sites of high heat flow and earthquakes?
Definition
1) deeps focus earthquakes
2) shallow focus earthquakes (is happening on the sea arc)
Term
Abyssal Plains: located near, why formed, why is change slow
Definition
flassest place on earth, deep;
location: near continents
formed: bc tribuatary currents (underwater avalanches)
change slow: bc no current
Term
Whoul you expect abyssal plains in marginal seas>
Definition
Yes, bc sedimant hs flattened them out
Term
Abyssal hills: how tall?, how much does is cover of the pacific
Definition
tall: less than 1/2 mile
cover: covers 80% if the Pacific floor
Term
Trenches: associated with?, formed when?, which plate dives?, deepest trench in Atlantic, Pacific?
Definition
associated with: island arcs, convergent, plate boundries, subduction zone, plate diving
formed: when oceanic and continental plates collide
dives: ocean
Atlantic: puetrotican trench
Pacific: challanger deep in Marynnas Trench
Term
Underwater volcanoes
Why are they flat-topped?
Definition
seamounts-guyots;
flat-topped: it used to be up at the surface (weath and winds) coral caused it to sink
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