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Management 371
Exam 1 Notecards
117
Management
Undergraduate 3
09/17/2007

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Term
1st Frame of Management
Definition
-structural
-Meinstberggouping options
-major weakness
-self optimazation
Term
2nd Frame of Management
Definition
-symbolic frame
-embrace organizational culture
Term
3rd Frame of Management
Definition
-political frame
Term
Coalition
Definition
-temporary alliance among managers over a specific issue
Term
4 proposition supporting a political frame
Definition
1.Organizations are coalitions of various individuals and groups
2. there are enduring differences between coalition members
3. Most important decisions involve allocation of scarce resources
4.Scarce resources and enduring differences give conflict a central role and power a resource
Term
Power
Definition
the ability to get things done
Term
2 major players in power process
Definition
1. the authorities
2. the partisans
Term
French and Raven
Definition
determined the 5 sources of managerial power
Term
5 sources of Managerial Power:
Position or Legitimate Power
Definition
-certain organizational position are afforded certain amounts of power
Term
5 sources of managerial power:
Informational or Expertise Power
Definition
-power flows to those who have knowledge
Term
5 Sources of Managerial Power:
Reward power
Definition
-the ability to give somebody something
Term
5 Sources of Managerial Power
Coercive Power
Definition
-the ability to block constrain or punish
Term
personal or Referant power
Definition
-persons charisma, character, energy level, etc
-something that draws people to them
Term
Authority
Definition
-the power
Term
personal or Referant power
Definition
-persons charisma, character, energy level, etc
-something that draws people to them
Term
Authority
Definition
-the power
Term
Aldeffer and Brown
Definition
-proposed overbounded and underbounded systems
Term
overbounded
Definition
-power highly concentrated
-everything is tightly regulated
Term
underbounded
Definition
-power is diffused
-system is loosely concentrated
Term
4th Frame of Management human resources frame
Definition
regards people as an investment rather than a cost
Term
4 core assumptions of Human Resources Frame
Definition
1. orgs exist to serve humans
2. people and orgs need eachother
3. when fit is poor both suffer
4.good fit benefits both
Term
Chris Argyris
Definition
-found basic conflict between human personality and the manor in which orgs are typicaly structured and managed. This worsens as one moves down hierarchy b/c jobs more routine.
Term
Efficiency
Definition
-produce more using less
Term
Effectiveness
Definition
-the degree to chich an organization achieves its goals
Term
Performance
Definition
-the organizations ability to attain its goal by using resources in an efficient and effective manner
Term
The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve
Definition
high performance
Term
Categories of managerial skills
Conceptual Skills
Definition
-ability to see organization as a whole and the inner relationships among its parts
Term
Categories of managerial skills
Human Skills
Definition
-ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member
Term
Categories of managerial skills
Techinical Skills
Definition
-the understanding of and profiency in the performance of specific skills
Term
Top Management
Definition
-responsible for whole organizations or major parts of it
Term
Middle Management
Definition
-responsible for implementing the overall stratiges and policies given to them by top management
Term
Lower Management
Definition
-responsible for actual production of goods or services
Term
Functional Manager
Definition
-responsible for a department that performs a single task and generally has employees with similar skills
Term
Line/Dept. Manager
Definition
-responsible for manufacturing or marketing that actually make or sell product or services
Term
Staff Manager
Definition
-responsible for a department that supports the line departments
Term
Downsizing
Definition
-planned elimination of jobs
Term
General Managers
Definition
-responsible for several functions departments
Term
Managerial Roles
Information Category
Definition
-a.Monitor Role -seeking and receiving information
b. Disseminator Role -forwarding info to other organizational membmers
3. Spokesperson Role - transmit info to outsiders
Term
Managerial Roles
Interpersonal Category
Definition
-a.Figure head Role -commercial and symbolic duties
b. Leader Role -direct and motivate subordinates
c.Liason Role -maintaining info links inside and outside org
Term
Managerial Roles
Decision Category
Entreprenur Role
Definition
-initiating improvements and identifying new ideas
Term
Managerial Roles
Decision Category
Disturbance Handler Role
Definition
-when taking corrective action and resoliving conflicts among subordinates
Term
Managerial Roles
Decision Category
Resource Allocator
Definition
-deciding who gets what resources
Term
Managerial Roles
Decision Category
Negotiator Role
Definition
-representing department or org with contracts agreements, etc.
Term
Paradigm Shift
Definition
-mindset that represent a fundamental way of thinking about processing and understanding the world. shifts in the way we understand the world and in turn shifts the way we view orgs
Term
In the new Paradigm Organizations will be based on 4 criteria:
Definition
-1.Teamwork
2.Frequent Innovations
3. Continous Learning
4. Improvement
Term
Chaos Theory
Definition
-reveals the existence of randomness and disorder written large patterns of order
-forces managers away from belief that they can predict and control future events
Term
Learning Organization
Definition
-one in which all employees realize the need for continous learning
Term
In the new paradigm a primary responsiblily of managers wil lbe to create ___________ through out the org
Definition
Learning Capability
Term
Universalist View
Definition
-what works one time in one place will work every time in every place
Term
Scientific Management
Definition
-focused on increasing the productivity of the individual worker
Term
Fredrick Window Taylor
Definition
-Father of scientific management
-engineer who believed that increasing worker productivity first began with improving management
-insisted improvements be based on scientific research
pioneered time and motion studies
Term
Time and Motion Studies
Definition
-observing how people work and how to improve that
Term
Henry Gantt
Definition
-associate of Taylor who used Time and Motion Studies
-the development of the Gantt Chart
Term
Gantt Chart
Definition
-managerial tool that plots anticipated and completed projects by time
-forerunner of todays electronic spreadsheets
Term
Frank and Lillian Gilbert
Definition
-also pioneered T + M studies independently
-known for his classical work with brick layers
-insisted that medical surgery developed protocols
Term
Max Weber
Definition
-German economist and sociologist who insisted that managemnet be based on rational and inpersonal approach to authority
Term
Six Elements to the Beurecratic Organization
Definition
-1. Labor is divided 2. Position are organized in a hierarchy of authority 3. all persons are selected and promoted based on tech qualitifcations 4. Admin decisions are recorded in writing 5. Management is seperate from ownership 6. Managers are subject to rules and regs ensure predictable behavior
Term
The Administrative Principles
Definition
-focused on the total organization
Term
Henry Feo
Definition
-French minig engineer who wrote a book called General and Industrial Management
-14 principles
Term
5 Functions of Management
Definition
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Controlling
4. Commanding
5. Coordinating
Term
Mary Parker Fellet
Definition
-one of first theorist to focus on pwer thics and leadership in organizations
Term
Chester I. Bernard
Definition
-one of first to study the informal organization
-developed the acceptance theory of Authority
Term
Informal Organizations
Definition
-naturally forming social cliques we find in formal organizations
-these groups can either hinder or help org perfromance
Term
Acceptance Theory of Authoriyt
Definition
-states that people have free will and choose whether or not to follow managements. People typically choose to follow become they perceive postive benefits for doing so.
Term
The Human Relations Movement
Definition
-based on Hawthorne studies or experiments
-revealed that the social aspects of work are as important to motivate workers
Term
Human Resource perspective
Abraham Maslow
Definition
-one of most important need theorist of 20th century
proposed that needs motivate people
once a need is met it no longer exists and person moves on to next higher level
Term
Maslow Hierarch of Needs
Definition
1) Physiological Category (human body needs)
2. Saftey needs (safe from harm)
3. Belongingness and Love Category (social needs)
4. Esteem Needs (feel important)
5. Self Acutalization (challenge ourselfves)
Term
Douglas MaGreggor
Definition
-MIT Professor who developed theory x and theory y
Term
Theory x
Definition
1. Avg human has inherent dislike of work and will try to avoid
2. Avg worker must be coerced, controlled, or threatend with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort
Term
Theory Y
Definition
1. Expenditures of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest
2. Avg. human does not inherently dislike work
3. Under proper circumstance the avg human wil not only accept responsibilty but will seek it out
Term
Behavioral Sciences Approach
Definition
-applies social science measurements and theories to an org context by using econ, psych, sociology, and anthropology
-qualitative tests
Term
Management Sciences Perspective
Operations Research
Definition
-uses mathematical and statistical models to research management and business issues
Term
Operations Management
Definition
-field of management that specializes in physical prodcution of goods and services and uses quantitative techniques to solve manufacturing problems
Term
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Definition
-provides relevant info to managers in a timely and cost effective manner
Term
The System Theory
Definition
-describes org as open systems that are charactierzed by entropy synergy and subsystem interdependance
Term
Entropy
Definition
-the potential for system to run down and die
Term
Synergy
Definition
-concept that the reaction of the parts together is greater than the mere sum of the individual parts
Term
Subsystem Interdependence
Definition
-parts of a system depend on one another for their functioning and survival
Term
5 Components of Subsytem
Definition
-1.Inputs - resources system uses
2. Transformation Process -prod tech alters inputs
3. outputs -good or services produce
4. Feedback
5. Envioronment
Term
The Contigency View
Definition
-asserts that there are certain variables or contingencies exist and a manager must recognize and identify these key contigencies in the org setting. Exact opposite of a universalist view
Term
Globalization
Theory Z
Definition
-incoprates managemnet techniques from both Japaneses and North American Management practices
Term
Japanese Perspective
Definition
-1. Consentual Decision Making -everybody has to agree
2. Slow Evaluation and Promotion
Term
North American Perspective
Definition
-1. Concept of Indiviual Responsibility
Explicit measures for control and evaluation
Term
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Definition
-began in 1980's
-more than 75% have failed since
*-Reason for failure is that management viewed it as a quick fix rather than a pilosophical commitment
Term
4 Elements of TQM
Definition
-1. Employee involvement
2. Focus on Customers
3. Benchmarking
4. Continuous Improvement
Term
External Environment
General Environment
Definition
-the outer layer that is widely disperced and effects the org wither indirectly or eventually
Term
External Environment
Task Environment
Definition
-closer to the org and includes the sectors tha tconduct day to day transactions with the org
Term
General Environment
Technological Dimension
Definition
-includes scientific and tech advances in both a specific industry and society as a whole
Term
General Environment
Sociocultural Dimension
Definition
-represents the demographic characters as well as the norms, customs and values of a pupulation
Term
General Environment
Economic Dimension
Definition
-represents the overall economic health of the country or region in which the org operates
Term
General Environment
Legal/Political Dimension
Definition
-includes govt regulation at local, state, and federal levels as well as politics
Term
Sectors of the Task Environment
Definition
1.Customers
2. Suppliers
3. Competition
4. Labor Market
Term
Factors Influencing Labor Market
Definition
a. Necessity for continous investment through education and training
b. effects of international trading blocks, automation, and shifting plant location that have created unused labor pools
Term
Certain Environment (Static)
Definition
-environment needs and changes can be predicted
Term
Uncertain Environment (Dynamic)
Definition
-managers do not have sufficient info about factors to understand and predict change sand needs
decentralized, fluid, flat orgs work best
Term
2 Strategies Dealing with uncertain environments
Definition
1. Adapting to the enviroments
2. Influencing the Environment
Term
4 Methods of Adapting
Boundary Spanning
Definition
-force people and departments to jobs other than those orginally assigned
Term
4 Methods of Adapting
Forecasting and Planning
Definition
-planning for future
Term
4 Methods of Adapting
Employing Flexible Structure
Definition
-incorporate flexible structures
Term
Organic Structure
Definition
-free flowing with few rules and regulations
Term
Mechanistic Structure
Definition
-characterized by rigidly defined tasks, many rules and regulations, and little teamwork
Term
4 Methods of Adapting
Mergers and Joint Ventures
Definition
-merger- combo of two or more orgs into one
joint ventur- two companies work together on a single project
Term
3 Methods of Influencing the Environment
Definition
1. Public Relations and Advertising
2. Political Activity
3. Trade Association
Term
Management
Definition
the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficent manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources
Term
planning
Definition
th emanagement function concerned with defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resource use needed to attain them
Term
Organizing
Definition
management function concerned with assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, and allocating resources to departments
Term
Leading
Definition
management function that involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve the organizations goal
Term
controlling
Definition
management function concerned with monitoring employees activities keeping the organization on track toward its goals, and making corrections as needed
Term
Organization
Definition
social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured
Term
effectiveness
Definition
degree to which the organization achieve a stated goal
Term
effieciency
Definition
us of minimal resouces to produce a desired volume of output
Term
performance
Definition
the organizations ability to attain its goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner
Term
conceptual skill
Definition
the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationships among its parts
Term
human skill
Definition
the ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member
Term
technical skill
Definition
the understanding of and prficiency in the performance of specific tasks
Term
top manager
Definition
a manager who is at the top of the organizational hierarch and is responsible for the entire organization
Term
The Four Management Functions
Definition
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
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