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management 291
mgt 291
100
Management
Undergraduate 3
09/25/2009

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Term
x managers
Definition
managers that believe employees work out of necessity and for money (like coaches)
Term
y managers
Definition
managers that assume employees are motivated by intrinsic value (usually for more educated jobs)
Term
hawthorne effect
Definition
effect when workers know they're being watched causing them to be MORE productive (introduced need for Y managers)
Term
contingency approach
Definition
choose managers and organize workers based on FIT-- variable and depends on situations
Term
human capital
Definition
stock of skills and knowledge available for labor
Term
social capital
Definition
ability to handle yourself within social norms, WHO you know, connections
Term
ethics
Definition
moral philosophy
Term
diffusion of responsibility
Definition
idea that you individually are not solely accountable
Term
study with electricity, people obeyed unethical orders (paid before study)
Definition
milgraham studies
Term
reciprocity
Definition
obligation to return favors
Term
schema
Definition
"map" you apply repeatedly to different situations
Term
stereotype
Definition
overapplied schema (where it isn't accurate)
Term
cognitive misers
Definition
theory that humans overgeneralize because we want to save brain space
Term
confirming hypothesis
Definition
you have a schema confirmed by hints (which may not have been relevant if you didn't already have the schema)
Term
self fulfilling prophecy
Definition
MAKING the prediction itself causes it to come true; based on treatment
Term
contact hypothesis
Definition
having more contact with a group allows you to collect info on that group; breaks sterotypes
Term
token effect
Definition
letting one person or group represent a whole group or population
Term
in ambiguous situations you seek SIMILARITY-- opposites attract for UNimportant matters
Definition
2 tendencies of groups
Term
in-and-out biases
Definition
from the outside, group members appear similar, but from inside you can see the differences
Term
self serving bias (diffusion of blame)
Definition
people attribute their success to internal factors although the result may have been out of their control
Term
common enemy
Definition
people tend to bond over complaining, although it's not as effective as having a common LIKE
Term
because there's nothing to WORK towards (change)
Definition
why is a common LIKE stronger group bonding than a common ENEMY?
Term
social categorization
Definition
in this group model, people are grouped by commonalities because people who are similar do better together
Term
decision making
Definition
in this group model, people do better faced with differences (as long as they aren't super important)
Term
culture
Definition
the PERSONALITY of an organization
Term
climate
Definition
the mood or atmosphere of an organization (only temporary)
Term
observable artifacts
Definition
clues or indicators to culture and climate
Term
operational definition
Definition
what you look for to define an over-arching idea; differences based on internal definitions and different experiences
Term
values
Definition
deeply held beliefs of an organization that don't change; create the culture
Term
espoused
Definition
stated values
Term
inacted
Definition
demonstrated values
Term
strength culture, fit culture, adaptive culture
Definition
3 types of culture
Term
strength culture (successful short term but not sustainable)
Definition
win at all costs, competitive culture, even within the organization,
Term
fit culture (difficult to make changes)
Definition
"benchmark" culture, requirements based on norms, check in with benchmarks to make sure you're on track
Term
adaptive/ dynamic culture (works best, most difficult)
Definition
constantly checking in, adapting appropriately, must ALWAYS be aware of changes
Term
upfront culture
Definition
honest at the beginning about the negative side of the organization; results in less turnover later, but loss of candidates
Term
socialization
Definition
application of artifacts, inheriting cultural norms
Term
process loss
Definition
when info is lost in communication through the team
Term
group think
Definition
when more extreme (and different) choices are made in a group than would have been individual
Term
opinion leader
Definition
member of the group opening the gates if information; sometimes overpowering
Term
social loafer
Definition
group memeber who rides on the work of the rest of the team (slacker)
Term
build upon one initial idea -- changes too much over time and annoying to those whose opinions aren't used
Definition
step ladder approach-- and problems
Term
everyone contributes an idea, then ideas are grouped, blended, and eliminated, then the group votes anonymously
Definition
nominal group technique
Term
anticipatory stage
Definition
stage trying to figure out culture before you come to a new company
Term
encounter stage
Definition
stage of arriving at a new company and try to fit into the culture
Term
change stage
Definition
the comfortable stage when you feel you fit in well enough to change a culture
Term
formal and informal
Definition
types of mentors
Term
formal mentorship
Definition
this mentorship has no other relationship; strictly professional atmosphere
Term
informal mentorship
Definition
this type of mentorship can be the result of a friendship; you choose to align (can go bad)
Term
self concept
Definition
who you think you are
Term
self esteem
Definition
overall feeling about yourself and your capabilities
Term
self efficacy
Definition
how you feel about your ability relating to a specific thing (domain specific)
Term
shaping
Definition
when you have low self efficacy, this is used to build it, by receiving rewards successively for small progressions toward desired behavior
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
when you have really low self efficacy; you've failed so many times that it isn't worth trying
Term
self monitoring
Definition
ability to pick up on verbal and nonverbal cues and act accordingly
Term
boundary span
Definition
dealing with people outside "boundaries" (company, department)
Term
RED
Definition
driven by control, HATES ambiguity, achievement oriented, NEED to succeed (iconoclasts)
Term
blue
Definition
driven by relationships
Term
yellow
Definition
driven by fun
Term
white
Definition
peacemaker
Term
pink (red+white)
Definition
peaceful until provoked
Term
orange (yellow + red)
Definition
driven by power AND fun
Term
green (blue + yellow)
Definition
need FUN relationships, are only productive in a certain area, good at boundary spanning and teamwork
Term
light blue (blue + white)
Definition
like people and peace; nice!
Term
light yellow (yellow + white)
Definition
mellow, peaceful, likes fun, relaxed
Term
purple (blue + red)
Definition
like relationships but choose carefully (also ambitious)
Term
rainbow
Definition
good long term work ethic-- balanced
Term
locus of control
Definition
how much control you FEEL
Term
internal locus of control
Definition
how much control YOU have in the world, what you feel depends on YOU
Term
external locus of control
Definition
luck, how others influence your life, what's beyond your control
Term
O: openness, C: conscientiousness, E: extroversion, A: agreeableness, N: neuroticism
Definition
big 5 (OCEAN)
Term
openness
Definition
openness to new experiences, ambiguity tolerance, risk tolerance
Term
conscientiousness
Definition
connection to work, willingness to go the extra mile, drive OCB (organizational citizenship behavior)
Term
extroversion
Definition
is your energy drawn from other people, outgoing
Term
agreeableness
Definition
how concerned are you with pleasing other people (low makes you a challenger, but high makes you susceptible to group think)
Term
neuroticism (opposite of emotional stability)
Definition
attention to detail, anxiety, OCD-- if you're LOW you can deal with anything and choose what's important
Term
meyers briggs type indicator (used for selection)
Definition
MBTI (what's it used for)
Term
informal groups
Definition
this kind of group forms on it's own over common interests and are therefore more cohesive
Term
formal group
Definition
this type of group is forced together for an external reason, conflict is dealt with with rules, most aspects are regulated
Term
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Definition
stages of a group
Term
forming
Definition
stage of group where trust is built, when anything goes wrong, it returns to this stage, (longest stage)
Term
storming
Definition
stage of a group where roles are formed; people must get appropriate roles or potential is wasted
Term
role overload
Definition
too much to do within ONE role (only dependent on this one role)
Term
role conflict (INTER-role conflict)
Definition
multiple roles competing against eachother; without one role, you could do the other
Term
INTRA role conflict
Definition
moral conflict of roles, don't WANT to do both
Term
itra GROUP conflict
Definition
conflict between group members
Term
inter GROUP conflict
Definition
conflict between two whole different groups
Term
conflict due to ambiguity
Definition
roles aren't assigned so not everything gets completed
Term
norming
Definition
stage of group where rules of behavior are established, you must follow these to be trusted
Term
performing
Definition
stage of group where the task is actually actually accomplished (should be the shortest stage)
Term
adjourning
Definition
final stage of group, must be done well to maintain social capital (future opportunities)
Term
group decay
Definition
the group bond gradually burns out over time, usually due to lack of common experiences
Term
dialogue turn (women will interrupt women but not men)
Definition
point of subject change
Term
told they were participating in a vision study, people purposely answered incorrectly because everyone else was (want to be agreeable)
Definition
asch effect
Term
can you HANDLE the job, "smart" enough
Definition
IQ test
Term
logic, inductive & deductive reasoning, strength of arguments
Definition
critical thinking
Term
arguments must be RELATED and STRONG-- can be taught
Definition
strength of arguments (2 things needed)
Term
general intelligence
Definition
GI test-- most predictive of performance
Term
adverse impact
Definition
statistically discriminatory [test] against populations (unintentionally)
Term
using a different variable to put into candidature, then using a different tool for selection (first gather red personalities, then choose the highest scoring)
Definition
banding
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