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Major Supreme Court Cases 1803-1978
10th Grade AP US History
35
History
Not Applicable
04/02/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Marbury v. Madison
Definition

1803 - Marshall

 

Supreme Court established Judicial review by declaring a federal law unconstitutional.

Term
Fletcher v. peck
Definition

1810 - Marshall

 

Stems from the Yazoo land Cases.  Upholds the Sanctity of Contracts.

Term
McCoulloch v. Maryland
Definition

1819 - Marshall

 

Ruled that States Cannot tax federal government (directly).  Confirmed that the Bank of the United States is Constitutional (indirectly).

Term
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Definition

1819 - Marshall

 

New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter.  Upheld the sanctity of contracts.

Term
Gibbons v. Ogden
Definition

1824 - Marshall

 

Clarifed the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce.

Term
Johnson v. McIntosh
Definition

1823 - Marshall

 

Establish that indian tribes had rights to tribal lands that preceded all other American law; only the federal government could take land from the tribes.

Term
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Definition

1831 - Marshall

 

established a "trust relationship" with the indian tribes directly under federal authority.

Term
Worcester v. Georgia
Definition

1832 - Marshall

 

Established tribal autonomy within their boundaries, i.e. the tribes were "distinct political communities, having territorial boundaries within which their authority is exclusive".

Term
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
Definition

1837 - Taney

 

The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society's interest over private interest.

Term
Commonwealth v. Hunt
Definition

1842 - Shaw

 

Declared that labor unions were lawful organizations and that the strike was a lawful weapon.

Term
Scott v. Sanford
Definition

1857 - Taney

 

Ruled that congress had no pwer to prohibit slavery in a territory, and thus made the Missouri Compromise of 1820 void.

Term
Ex parte Milligan
Definition

1866

 

Ruled that a civillian cannot be tried in military courts while civil courts are available.

Term
Civil Rights Cases of 1883
Definition

1883

 

(a similar decision on a group of cases with similar legal problems).  Legalized segregation with regard to private property.

Term
Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad v. Illinois
Definition

1886

 

Declared state-passed granger laws that regulated interstate commerce unconstitutional.

Term
Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad Co. v. Minnesota
Definition

1890

 

Found that Granger law regulations were violations of the 5th amendment right to property.

Term
Pollock v. The Farmers Land and Trust Co.
Definition

1895

 

Declared the income tax under the Wilson-Gorman Tarrif to be unconstitutional.

Term
U.S. v. E. C. Knight Co.
Definition

1895

 

Due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies.

Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition

1896

 

Legalized segragation in Publicly owned facilities on the basis of "seperate but equal".

Term
"Insular Cases"/ Downes v. Bidwell
Definition

1901

 

Confirmed the right of the federal government to place tarrifs on goods entering the U.S. from U.S. territories on the grounds that "the constitution does not follow the flag"

Term
Northern Securities Co. v. U.S.
Definition

1904

 

re-established the authority of the federal government to fight monoploies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Term
Lochner v. New York
Definition

1905

 

Declared a New York Act limiting the working hours of bakers unconstitutional due to a denial of the 14th amendment rights.

Term
Muller v. Oregon
Definition

1908

 

First case to use the "brandeis brief"; recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundrey workers on the grounds of health and community concerns.

Term
Hammer v. Dagenhart
Definition

1918

 

Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a Child Labor Act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority.

Term
Schenck v. U.S.
Definition

1919

 

Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared 1st amendment right to free speech not absolute and that it could be limited if its exercise presents a "clear and present danger".

Term
Adkins v. Children's Hospital
Definition

1923

 

Declared a minimum wage law for women unconstitutional on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract.

Term
Schechter v. U.S.
Definition

1936

 

Unanimously declared the NIRA unconstitutional on three grounds:

1. that the act delegatedd legislative power to the executive.

2. That there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation.

3. and that it sought to regulate business that were wholly inrastate in character.

Term
Korematsu v. U.S.
Definition

1941

 

The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japenese-Americans during World War II.

Term
Ex Parte Endo
Definition

1944

 

The Court forbade the internment of Japenese-Americans born in the U.S.

Term
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Definition

1954 - Warren

 

Unanimous decision declaring "seperate but equal" unconstitutional.

Term
Gideon v.  Wainwright
Definition

1963

 

Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay.

Term
Escobedo v. Illinois
Definition

1964

 

Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioned by the police

Term
Miranda v. Arizona
Definition

1966

 

Ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutioal right to attorny and their right to remain silent.

Term
Roe v. Wade
Definition

1973

 

The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy.  Based of 4th amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.

Term
U.S. v. Richards Nixon
Definition

1974

 

The court rejected Richard Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process.

Term
Bakke v. Regents of the University of California
Definition

1978

 

Ambiguous ruling by a badly divided court that dealt with affirmative action programs that used race as a basis of selecting participants.  The court upheld affirmative action, but with a 4/4/1 split, it was a very weak decision.

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