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Major Supreme Court Cases
Major Supreme Court Cases
9
History
Undergraduate 1
05/10/2012

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Cards

Term
Marbury V. Madison (1803 Marshall)
Definition
Midnight Justices,the court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819 Marshall)
Definition
The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the bank of the United States the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
Term
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824 Marshall)
Definition
Established that the state o new York could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by congress.Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce
Term
Scott v. Sanford (1857 Taney)
Definition
Speaking for a widely divided court, Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court Scott's residence in a free state and territory had not make him free since he returned to Missouri; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory (based on the 5th Amendment right of a person to be secure from seizure of property), thus voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Term
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895)
Definition
due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Definition
Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal"
Term
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas (1954 Warren)
Definition
Unanimous decision declaring "separate but equal" unconstitutional
Term
Miranda v. Arizona (1966 Warren)
Definition
The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent
Term
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Definition
The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on the 4th amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.
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