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Lumbosacral Pelvis
Lumbosacral Pelvis
152
Medical
Graduate
04/03/2016

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Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: pedicles
Definition
short and thick
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: laminae
Definition
short and broad
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: superior facets (3)
Definition
vertical
concave
facing posterior medial
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: inferior facets (3)
Definition
vertical
concave
facing anterior lateral
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: transverse process
Definition
long and slender
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: spinous process
Definition
extends horizontally
Term
Lumbar vertebra characteristics: vertebral foramen
Definition
triangular larger than thoracic smaller than cervical
Term
why is the vertebral body large
Definition
indicates the function of supportin compressive loads, GRF's, and mm force
Term
where are the mamillary processes located
Definition
small bumps on the posterior edge of each facet
Term
what is the purpose of the mamillary processes
Definition
multifidus and intertransverse mm
Term
what are the accessory processes
Definition
small prominences on transverse process
Term
purrpose of the accessory processes
Definition
small prominences on transverse process
Term
characteristics of L5
Definition
transitional vertebra
wedge shaped (taller anterior than posterior)
Term
characterstic of L5-S1 disc
Definition
wedge shaped
Term
what is the lumbosacral articulation angle formed by
Definition
L5-S1
Term
what does the lumbosacral articulation (angle) vary with
Definition
pelvic position
Term
an increased Lumbosacral articulation (angle) leased to ____ which leads to ______
Definition
increased lordosis
increased shearing at L5-S1
Term
effect of anterior tilt on lumbosacral articulation
Definition
increased angle
Term
effect of posterior tilt on lumbosacral articulation
Definition
decreased angle
Term
force associated with a posterior tilt on the lumbosacral articulation
Definition
increased compressive force
Term
effect of an anterior tilt on the forces of the lumbosacral articulation
Definition
increased shear forces
Term
which is the most common disc damaged in regards to derangement
Definition
L5-S1
Term
damage to the L5-S1 disc is often prceded by what
Definition
sacral hypo/hypermobility that yields abnormal L5 kinematics
Term
L5-S1 disc: what type of force damages the annulus tissue
Definition
chronic shearing
Term
L5-S1 disc: chronic shearing strains the annulus tissue ultimately creating what
Definition
plastic deformation and failure
Term
Lumbar discs: how is the annulus collagen arranged?
Definition
in sheets called lamella
Term
Lumbar discs: how is the annulus collagen arranged around the nucleus
Definition
in concentric rings around the nucleus
Term
Lumbar discs: how are teh collagen fibers in adjacent rings oriented
Definition
in opposite directions 120 degrees to each other
Term
Lumbar discs: the arrangement and structure of the annulus allows for resistance to what motion
Definition
tensile stretching in all directions
Term
Lumbar discs: where are the discs the largest
Definition
in the body
Term
Lumbar discs: where is the concavity noted
Definition
posteriorly
Term
Lumbar discs: what does having the concavity posteriorly means
Definition
more annulus is located posteriorly for reinforcing the pulposus during flexion
Term
Lumbar articulations: type of jt
Definition
synovial
Term
Lumbar facet jts: capsule
Definition
more lax than thoracic
Term
Lumbar facet jts: composition of the dorsal capsule
Definition
fibrocartilage
Term
Lumbar facet jts: dorsal capsule is fibrocartilage suggesting what
Definition
compressive and tensile resistance
Term
Lumbar facet jts: orientation
Definition
variable but typically bi-planar
Term
Lumbar facet jts: anterior aspect orientation
Definition
in the frontal plane
Term
Lumbar facet jts: posterior aspect orientation
Definition
in the sagittal plane
Term
Lumbar facet jts: variably in the orientation of the facets may yield what
Definition
increased risk of excess shear and early onset disc pathology
Term
Lumbar facet jts: facets entirely in the sagittal plane may not provide what type of resistance to what?
Definition
bony resistance to shearing
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments: origin/insertion
Definition
tips and borders of the TP of L5 to the iliac crest
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments: 3 primary bands
Definition
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)
sacral (lumbosacral ligament)
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments: major role
Definition
stabilizing L5
resists anterior shift of the L5 vertebra
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments: resists what motions of L5 on S1
Definition
flex, ext, sb, axial rot
Term
Iliolumbar ligaments: when is it maximally loaded
Definition
when mm are off as is sitting slouched in a chair
Term
pt's presenting with central LBP and possible radiculopathy may have symptoms that present with what
Definition
prolonged positioning
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia: Mcgill uses what term
Definition
abdominal hoop
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia: refers to what
Definition
core mm and fascia
Term
Thoracolumbar fascia: role
Definition
acts as a stabilizing corset with the fascia increasing spinal stiffness
Term
Lumbar kinematics: the facets favor what motion
Definition
flex/ext
Term
Lumbar kinematics: why do the lumbar facets favor flex/ext
Definition
d/t orienation fo teh facets primarily in the sagittal plane
Term
Lumbar kinematics: where does the majority of flex/ext take place
Definition
lumbosacral jt
Term
Lumbar kinematics: SB?Rot primarily in what segments
Definition
upper lumbar segments
Term
Lumbar kinematics: where does the most SB/ROT occur
Definition
L2-L3
Term
Lumbar kinematics: coupled motion
Definition
SB and rotation are coupled but inconsistent
Term
Lumbar articulation: rotation of teh superior vertebra to the right will be blocked by what
Definition
the inferior facets of the superior vertebra will be blocked by the superior facets of the inferior vertebra on the left
Term
Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: lumbar flexion is accompanied by what pelvic motion
Definition
anterior pelvic tilt
Term
Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: return from flexion or extending the spine results in what pelvic motion
Definition
posterior tilt
Term
Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: why does it exist?
Definition
believed that the moment arm of the external load is alterned to minimize internal stress
Term
Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: and McGill
Definition
McGill reports that in all the studies he has done he has never isolated that pattern
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: primary function
Definition
resist compression force
external loads and muscle loads
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what allows for the vertebra to resist compression force
Definition
body size and disc shape
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what takes the majority of teh compressiev load
Definition
interbody jts (body and disc)
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what takes the least load
Definition
facet jts take 20%
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what happens with DDD, HNP
Definition
facets take on more load, interbody jts take more load, facets become arthrtic
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: in stance what force do the lumbar segment experience
Definition
anterior shear
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: why do the lumbar segments experience anterior shear in stance (3)
Definition
d/t lordotic position, body weight, GRF
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: anterior shear of the lumbar vertebra in stance is resisted by what
Definition
impact of the inferior facets of teh superior vertebra on the superior facets of teh inferior vertebra
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: effectiveness of shear resistance depends on what (2)
Definition
degree of frontal plane orientatino in the frontal plane (facing posterior)
increased frontal (posterior facing) orientation leads to greater orientation
Term
Lumbar vertebra kinetics: if there is a more sagittal orientatino what happens
Definition
facets do not laod but rather the soft tissue is strained and becomes a pain generator
Term
Sacrum: how many vertebra is it
Definition
5 fused
Term
Sacrum: location and quantity of the articular facets
Definition
2 at the superior segment
Term
Sacrum: orientaiton of the facets
Definition
facets face posterior
Term
Sacrum: facets articulate with what
Definition
inferior facets of L5
Term
Sacrum: the apex (inferior aspect) from the 5th sacral vertebra articulates with what
Definition
the coccyx
Term
Sacrum: what are the lateral aspects called
Definition
the ala
Term
Sacrum: what do the ala articulate with
Definition
the ilium
Term
Sacral articulation: type of jt (2)
Definition
weight bearing, compound jt
Term
Sacral articulation: anterior synovial jt is made up of what
Definition
auricular surfaces of the surface and ilium
Term
Sacral articulation: posterior syndesmosis of the jt is made up of what
Definition
tuberosity's of the sacrum and ilium
Term
Sacral articulation: anterior jt is what type of jt
Definition
synovial jt
Term
Sacral articulation: posterior jt is what type of jt
Definition
syndesmosis
Term
Sacral articulation: apparent purpose (2)
Definition
alleviate stress on the pelvic ring d/t movement of the trunk and lower limbs
help absorb twisting motion
Term
Sacral articulation: what is the articular surface of the sacrum covered by? How thick
Definition
hyaline cartialge
1-3 mm thick
Term
Sacral articulation: what is the articular surface of the ilia covered with
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
Sacral articulation: difference between the hyaline cartilage of the ilia vs the sacrum
Definition
ilia cartilage is a more dense aggregate of collagen than the sacral cartialge
Term
what is prolotherapy
Definition
induces an inflammatory response which will deposite more collagen into the area to tighten up the SI ligaments supposedly
Term
SI ligaments: Anterior view (5)
Definition
Ventral band of iliolumbar ligament
Sacral band of iliolumbar ligament
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Term
SI ligaments: Posterior view (4)
Definition
dorsal band of iliolumbar ligament
long posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament
sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
Term
Pubic symphysis articulation: what is it
Definition
junction of the 2 ends of the pubic bones
Term
Pubic symphysis articulation: type of junction
Definition
fibrocartilaginous
Term
Pubic symphysis articulation: 2 reasons why it is a common source for dysfunction
Definition
mm aponeuroses cross this junction
tendonitis, synovitis, mechanical symptoms such as popping
Term
Pubic symphysis articulation: tx for dysfunction
Definition
shotgun manipulation
Term
Sacral Kinematics: general take away
Definition
complex and controversial
Term
Sacral Kinematics: 2D measures of movement
Definition
fail to capture 3d motion
Term
Sacral Kinematics: 3d measures
Definition
use mathematical modeling, motion analysis, RSA
Term
what is RSA
Definition
roentgen sterophotogrammetric analysis
measures small jt movement
Term
Sacral Kinematics: RSA assessed prone to sit, standing flexion, straddle positions and found what motions (2)
Definition
rotation 2.5 degrees
.7 mm translation
Term
Sacral Kinematics: critical literature review reports limited to what
Definition
minute rotation and translation that is subclinical
Term
Sacral Kinematics: motion is minimal unless
Definition
pt/sacrum is hypermobilie
Term
Sacral/Pelvic motion: what is agonistic motion
Definition
if the innominate's move together
Term
Sacral/Pelvic motion: what is antagonistic motion
Definition
if the innominates move opposite each other
Term
Sacral/Pelvic motion: what type of chain motion is prsent at the articulation
Definition
closed chain d/t the pubic symphysis
Term
Sacral/Pelvic motion: all asymmetric motion at the SI jt produces motion where else
Definition
at the symphysis
Term
What is sacral nutation
Definition
promonotry (top) moves anterior/inferior
sacral apex (bottom) moves posterior/superior
Term
what is sacral counternutation
Definition
sacral promontory (top) moves posterior/superior
sacral apex (bottom) moves anterior/superior
Term
when does nutation occur in relation to the lumbarsacral junction
Definition
during forward flexion
Term
Posterior pelvic tilt results in what sacral motion
Definition
sacral nutation
Term
anterior pelvic itlt results in what sacral motion
Definition
sacral counter nutation
Term
motion of the innominate and sacrum during anterior pelvic tilt
Definition
symmetrical motion of the innominate, ASIS, and pubic symphysis move inferior
sacral counter nutation
Term
motion of the innominate and sacrum during posterior pelvic tilt
Definition
symmetric motion of the innominat, ASIS, and pubic symphysis move superior
sacral nutation
Term
Motion of the sacrum with bilateral hip extension in prone (open chain)
Definition
counternutation (relative sacral motion to the ilium)
Term
Motion of the ilium with bilateral hip extension in prone (open chain)
Definition
anterior tilt on the sacrum (which makes the sacrum look like it moved into counternutation)
Term
Movement up the cahin with bilateral hip extension (OKC): at the L5 junction
Definition
extension
Term
Movement up the cahin with bilateral hip extension (OKC): type of motion between sacrum and L5
Definition
sacrum on L5 so bottom up motion
Term
Asymmetric motion: described as what
Definition
pelvic torsion
Term
Asymmetric motion: occurs in what tasks
Definition
ambulation, twist and lift, sports activities
Term
Asymmetric motion: describe innominate position through ambulation
Definition
1 hip is flexed (torsioned posterior)
1 hip is extended (torsioned anterior)
Term
Asymmetric motion: is pelvic torsion good or bad?
Definition
good/correct
Term
Asymmetric motion: when is pelvic torsion bad
Definition
when the torsion does not return to normal and the sacrum becomes torsioned
Term
Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: body weight causes what motion
Definition
sacral nutation
Term
Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: GRF causes what pelvic tilt
Definition
posterior pelvic tilt
Term
Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: sacral nutation and posterior tilt are "counter" motions that are supported by what
Definition
ligamentous tension
mm fibrous attachments
Term
Sacral kinetics: in unilateral stance why does shear force exist
Definition
d/t lateral pelvic tilt
Term
mm group which should not be overstretched
Definition
erector spinae
Term
the erector spinae are a key dynamic restraint to what force
Definition
anterior shear
Term
hypertonicity of the erector spinae may be the result of what
Definition
overworking in an unstable scenario
Term
why could the erector spinae be overloaded
Definition
d/t static restraint failure/overload
Term
ideal approach to recovering the erector spinae
Definition
rest and reeducate/stamina train the muscle
Term
describe the core
Definition
wide and varied anatomical description
mentioned early as abdominal hoop
Term
common core mm
Definition
Transversus abdominis
iliopsoas
Term
transversus abdomninis roles (2)
Definition
mechanically controls the SI jt through compression when contracted
contraction decreases SI laxity
Term
iliopsoas action
Definition
hip flexion is primary
Term
how does iliopsoas elicit stability
Definition
through connecction of T12-L4 elicits stability to the spine with thigh flexion
Term
Ther Ex for LBP: general principle
Definition
train the mm with the lowest load elicited to the spine
Term
Spondylolisthesis: common presentation (3)
Definition
traumatic
idiopathic
usually teens
Term
Spondylolisthesis: what is it
Definition
bilateral parts articularis fx allowing the superior vertebra to shift anterior on the inferior vertebra
Term
Spondylolisthesis: how is it graded
Definition
on scale
Term
Spondylolisthesis: tx for low grades
Definition
conservative tx
Term
Spondylolisthesis: tx for higher grades
Definition
fusion
Term
4 levels of disc HNP
Definition
disc degeneration
prolapse
extrusion
sequestration
Term
HNP levels: disc degeneraiton symptoms
Definition
back pain only
Term
HNP levels: prolapse symptoms
Definition
back pain
leg pain
Term
HNP levels: extrusion symptoms
Definition
LBP
Leg pain
Hard neuro findings
Term
HNP levels: seuqestraition symptoms
Definition
mostly leg pain
Term
HNP and role of surgery
Definition
stabilize the segments and eliminate excess movement and nn impingement
Term
HNP surgery: what influences postoperative outcomes signficantly
Definition
level and number of lumbar disc replacements needed
Term
HNP surgery: satisfactory outcomes was achieved for monosegmental disc replacement procedures at what levels
Definition
L4-L5
L5-S1
Term
HNP surgery: Best results achieved following TRD at what level
Definition
L4-L5
Term
HNP surgery: problems with bisegmental TDR
Definition
complication rates are significantly highe rand inferior postoperative results are to be expected
Term
HNP surgery: incidence of postoperative pain originating from facet and or ilio/sacral jt
Definition
currently underestimated and will require further investigation
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