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LRAPWorld: 18
N/A
19
History
11th Grade
12/07/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
When did the nomadic Turkish and Mongol people overrun settled societies and set up transregional empires?
Definition
From 1000 to 1500.
Term
How did nomads in central Asia adapt to their dry environment?
Definition
  • herded sheep, horses, cattle, goats,camels
  • used animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools, food
  • migrated according to seasons
Term
What are some common traits that nomadic societies had?
Definition

-did not faciliate specialized labor

-had two social classes, commoners and nobles

-based on shamanism

-developed a written script

Term
How were Turkish clans able to expand their power?
Definition
By joining klans together to form a confederation and recognizing one person as a "khan"
Term
Where did Saljuq Turks establish their authority?
Definition
  • first settled on the border of Persia
  • captured Baghdad in the 11th century
  • took Syria and Palestine
  • captured Anatolia after defeating Byzantines at Manzikert in 1071
Term
What impact did the Turkish Ghaznavids have on Afghanistan and northern India?
Definition
Led by Mahmud of Ghazni, they controlled lands in N. India setting up the Sultanate of Delhi, opposed Hinduism and Buddhism, and established Islam
Term
Once Temujin became "Genghis Khan" or universal ruler, what did he do to protect his power in the Mongol Empire he controlled?
Definition
  • created non-tribal military units
  • chose leaders on the basis of personality, not tribal connections
  • set up a capital at Karakorum
Term
How did he use his strong army to conquer the empire?
Definition
  • He attacked Turkish people ruling in Tibet and Persia
  •  defeated North China and set up a Mongol capital at Khanbaliq
  • overran Persia, sacked its cities, slaughtered thousands, destroyed its qanat system

 

Term
What happened to Genghis Khan's empire after he died?
Definition
  • His heirs divided his empire
  • "Great Khans" ruled China
  • descendants of Chagatai ruled central Asia
  • the khans of the Golden Horde ruled Russia
  • ilkhans ruled in Persia
Term
What dynsaty did Kublai Khan establish in China?
Definition
He attacked the Southern Song and established the Yuan dynasty in China in 1279.
Term
What happened when Kublai Khan tried to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281?
Definition
  • both times storms stopped the invasions
  • the Japanese called the storms "kamikaze"
Term
What empire did Hulegu overrun and what city did he capture in 1258?
Definition
He overran the Abbasid empire and captured Baghdad in 1258.
Term
How did the Mongols rule in Persia?
Definition
  • Mongols had the highest positions, but Persians served in lower positions.
  • Mongol leaders assimilated Persian culture.
  • Mongols converted to Islam in 1295, and sparked massacres of Christians and Jews.
Term
How did the Mongols rule in China?
Definition
  • Did not assimilate into Chinese society
  • dismantled the Confucian education system
  •  brought in foreigners to help administer China
  •  tolerated religions.
Term
How did the Mongols enhance Eurasian interaction?
Definition
They set up a courier system for government, secured trade routes, maintained diplomatic relations, and resettled people who had certain skills and crafts.
Term
What caused Mongol power in Persia to collapse?
Definition
Economic problems and the issuance of paper money that people refused to accept; the ilkhanate collapsed in 1335.
Term
What economic and political problems did the Mongol leaders experience in China?
Definition
  • lack of gold bullion
  • Chinese people rebelled
  • rival factions amongst the Mongols fought for control
  • epidemic disease in China weakened the dynasty
  • Mongols withdrew in 1368
Term
What was the impact of the Turkish conqueror, Tamerlane (1336 - 1405), on central Asia after the fall of the Mongols?
Definition
He conquered Persia and Afghanstan, invaded India, and built an imperial capital at Samarkand.
Term
What was the impact of the Ottoman Turks after the death of Tamerlane?
Definition
  • in the 1440s began to expand into Byzantine territory
  • in 1453, Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople
  • using Istanbul as a base, gained control of Greece, the Balkans,         SW Asia, SE Europe, Egypt, N. Africa
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