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LOM Ch 10 Nervous System Set 2
Language of Medicine, 9th Edition, Davi-Ellen Chabner
30
Medical
Professional
05/16/2010

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Term
neuroglial cell
Definition
another name for glial cell
Term
gyrus
Definition
sheet of nerve cells that produce a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex
Term
gyri
Definition
plural of gyrus
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
portion of the brain beneath the thalamus that controls sleep, appetitie, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary glands
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
part of the brain just above the spinal cord that controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels--also where nerve fibers cross over
Term
meninges
Definition
three protective membranes that surround the brain andspinal cord
Term
microglial cell
Definition
phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
Term
motor nerve
Definition
carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs--an efferent nerve
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell
Term
myelin
Definition
speeds impulse conduction along axons
Term
nerve
Definition
macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses
Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body
Term
neurotransmitter
Definition
chemical messeger released at the end of a nerve cell--which can stimulate or inibit another cell
Term
d
Definition

Neurotransmitters stimulate and inhibit:

a) nerve cells

b) muscle cells

c) gland cells

d) all of the above

e) a and b

Term
e
Definition

Which is a neurotransmitter?

a) acetylcholine

b) norepinephrine

c) dopamine

d) serotonin

e) all of the above

f) all but b

Term
receptor
Definition
organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves
Term
oligodendroglial cell
Definition
glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons
Term
oligodendrocyte
Definition
another name for oligodendroglial cell
Term
parasympathetic nerves
Definition
involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestingal trac
Term
parenchyma
Definition
essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
Term
brain, spinal cord, neurons
Definition
What three things make up the parenchyma of the nervous system?
Term
hepatocytes
Definition
What are the parenchymal cells of the liver?
Term
nephrons
Definition
What is the parencymal tissue of the kidneys?
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
nerves outside the brain ad spinal cord--cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves
Term
pia mater
Definition
tin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
Term
plexus
Definition
large, interlacing network of nerves
Term
plexuses
Definition
plural of plexus
Term
brachi/o
Definition
Combined form meaning arm
Term
pons
Definition
part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of hte midbrain-a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
Term
bridge
Definition
The Latin word pons means _________
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