Term
| Define 'ambiguous' and 'unambiguous' |
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Definition
'ambigious' - has more than one meaning
'unambiguous' - has only one meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| has one and only one meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| has more than one meaning, i.e. He is a good man vs. He is a good thief. 'good' here is equivocal. |
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Term
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Definition
1) has two or more meanings, and 2) the meanings are partly the same and partly different, and 3) the meanings are related to each other.
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Term
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Definition
| word that can stand by itself as a unit of meaning, i.e. apple, dog. |
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Term
| Define 'syncategorematic' |
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Definition
| Words such as 'the' 'that' 'when' 'on' that can't stand by themselves as unit of meaning. |
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Term
| What is a 'universal' term? |
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Definition
| Refers to all members of a class. i.e. all birds have wings. Universal here is 'all birds' |
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Term
| What is a 'particular' term? |
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Definition
| designates some members of a class, i.e. some dogs have fleas. Particular here is 'some dogs' |
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Term
| What is a 'singular' term? |
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Definition
| designates only one member of a class, i.e. Fido is a dog. 'Fido' is singular. |
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Term
| What is a 'metaphorical' term? |
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Definition
| Something is like something else, "Jesus is a shepherd." Means Jesus is like a shepherd of people, not that he literally rounds up sheep. |
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Term
| What is a 'literal' term? |
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Definition
| "John is a dentist." literal meaning is that John is a trained doctor who works on people's teeth. This is not a metaphor. |
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Term
| What is a 'positive' term? |
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Definition
| Term not preceded by "un" or "in" or "non-" or other negative. |
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Term
| What is a 'negative' term? |
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Definition
| Term preceded by "un" or "in" or "non-" or other negative. Ex: unhappy = not (happy). Happy is the positive term associated with unhappy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single object of thought, i.e. 'apple" |
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Term
| What is a 'complex' term? |
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Definition
| two or more objects of thought that could be considered either together or separately, i.e. 'green apple' |
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Term
| What is a 'concrete' term? |
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Definition
| Not abstract. i.e. when we make an adjective into a noun, it becomes abstract. i.e. 'red' is concrete, 'redness' is abstract. 'equal' is concrete and 'equality' is abstract |
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Term
| What is a 'absolute' term? |
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Definition
| Can be thought of alone, not connected to another thing. i.e. 'man' 'ball'. |
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Term
| What is a 'relative' term? |
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Definition
| Cannot be thought of alone. ie. 'father' is relative because must be connnected with 'father of something' 'Winner' is relative because must be winner of something else. |
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Term
| What are Aristotle's 10 categories? |
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Definition
1. substance
2. quantity
3. quality
4. relation
5. place
6. time
7. posture
8. possession
9. action
10. passion |
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Term
| According to Aristotle, what are the 5 possible relationships any predicate may have to its subject? |
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Definition
genus,
specific difference,
species,
property,
accident, |
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Term
| What is a species, according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| states the whole essence of the subject. In "Man is a rational animal," "rational animal" is the species of man. |
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Term
| What is genus, according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| states the generic or general or common aspect of the essence of the subject. i.e. "Animal" is a genus of "man." |
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Term
| What is a specific difference, according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| states the specific or differentiating aspect of the essence of the subject . "Rational" is the specific difference of 'man" |
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Term
| What is a property or proper accident, according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| any characteristic that is not the essence itself but "flows" from the essence, is caused by the essence. i.e. "Able to speak" is property of 'a man' 'having three sides' is a property of a triangle. |
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Term
| What is an accident, according to Aristotle? |
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Definition
| any characteristic in a subject that is not essential, can come & go. "bald" and 'American' are accidents of a man. |
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Term
| What is the "Tree of Porphry?" |
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Definition
| Diagram by Greek logician. Arranges everything that exists on a tree. |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice and science of classification |
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