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Lipids
Unit 8
26
Organic Chemistry
Not Applicable
12/05/2011

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Term
Lipid
Definition
A diverse group of biological molecules of varying composition that are soluble in nonpolar solvents.
Term
Fatty Acid (FA)
Definition
Long carbohydrate chains of various lengths that end with a carboxyic acid group (-COOH).
Term
Saturated fatty acid
Definition
Long chain monocarboxylic acids with the general formula CH3(CH2)nCOOH. They contain only carbon to carbon single bonds and carbon hydrogen bonds.
Term
Unsaturated fatty acid
Definition
Long chain monocarboxylic acids that contain one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds. This structure will not be 100% saturated with hydrigen atoms (hencs unsaturated).
Term
Phospholipid
Definition
Combination of a lipid and a phosphate group; a major form of lipid in cells.
Term
Phosphoglyceride
Definition
Phospholipids derived from a glycerol.
Term
Steroids
Definition
A naturally occuring family of lipids of importance to medicine. Every natural steroid contains the same 17 carbon skeleton that spans four fused rings. Also present are two methyl groups (-CH3)
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
A common fat like steroid based alcohol found in animal fats.
Term
Triglyceride
Definition
An organic compound consisting of three moleculed of fatty acids esterfied to glycerol. Also called tricyglycerols.
Term
Glycerol
Definition
A liquid alcohol often found in the diet as a component of fat or triglycerides. The glycerol serves as the structural backbone onto which fatty acid molecules are attached to make triglycerides.
Term
Lipoprotein
Definition
Combination of a lipid(s) and a protein(s); major transportation form of lipids in the bloodstream.
Term
Apolipoprotein
Definition
The protein component found in plasma lipoproteins.
Term
Adipose
Definition
Fat stored within the body; stored within cells called adipocytes.
Term
Lipase
Definition
An enzyme that hydrolizes the ester linkage between glycerol and the fatty acids or triglycerides.
Term
Glycolipids
Definition
Combination of a lipid and a carbohydrate group; present on select cell surface membranes like brain and nervous tissue.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum of all biochemical reactions that occur within a cell.
Term
Steroids
Definition
high molecular weight lipids that contain a nucleus of 17 carbons over 4 fused rings of carbon atoms.
Term
Steriod functions
Definition
Critical component of membranes; important to maintain fluidity
Cerve as hormones
Integral component of bile acids
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
Most important steroid in animals. Major component of the cell membrane and provides membrane fluidity.
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal gland when the human when the human body is under stress. It helps the body deal with the stress by raising blood glucose levels by increasing lipolysis and depressing the immune system.
Term
Anabolic steroids
Definition
resemble testosterone in structure, they artificially stimulate the body to increase the amound of muscle mass, stimulate the healing of damaged muscle, and often increase competitive aggressiveness
Term
Chylomicrons
Definition
very large lipoprotein formed after ingestion of dietary fat and contain mostly triglycerides; largest and the least dense of the lipoprotein particles.
Term
Very Low-Densidy Lipoproteins (VLDL)
Definition
transports Triglycerides in the liver to extrahepatic tissues such as adipose and muscle.
Term
Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
Definition
Transport cholesterol to cholesterol esters to the peripheral tissues and regulate de novo (new) synthesis of cholesterol at these sites.
"Bad Cholesterol"
Term
High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Definition
Transports cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver for excretion in the bile.
"Good cholesterol"
Term
Examples of ketone bodies
Definition
Acetoacetate, acetone, B-hydroxybutyrate
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