Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Linux+ Chapter 8
Linux+ Chapter 8
63
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
03/07/2013

Additional Computer Networking Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How many active partitions can there be per hard disk?
Definition
One active partition per hard disk.
Term
In addition to storing the list of all partitions on the hard disk, the MBR/GPT also stores what?
Definition
The location of the active partition.
Term
What does the boot loader do?
Definition
It executes the Linux kernel from the partition.
Term
Where is the Linux kernel?
Definition
Stored in the /boot directory vmlinuz-
Term
When does the boot loader cease to be active? What takes over and what does it do?
Definition
After Linux kernel is loaded into memory, Linux kernel continues to initialize the system by loading daemons into memory.
Term
What is daemon?
Definition
A system process that performs useful task, such as printing, scheduling, and OS maintenance.
Term
What is the first daemon process on the system and what does it do?
Definition
Initialize daemon; it is responsible for loading all other daemons on the system required to bring the system to a usable state.
Term
Besides loading the Linux kernel into memory, what else can a boot loader do?
Definition
Passing info to the kernel during system startup andbooting other OSs that are present on the hard disk.
Term
What are some virtulization software packages available for Linux?
Definition
-KVM
-QEMU
-XEN
-Virtual Box
Term
What is GRUB?
Definition
The most common boot loader used on modern Linux systems.
Term
What are the three stages of GRUB and what do they do?
Definition
-Stage 1:typically resides on the MBR/GPT
-Stage 1.5:loads the filesystem support and proceeds to load GRUB stage 2.
-Stage 2:resides in the /boot/grub directory
Term
How do you configure GRUB?
Definition
By editing the configuration file.
(/boot/grub/grub.conf)
Term
What symbol comments out a line in the GRUB configuration file?
Definition
# symbol
Term
How does GRUB refer to partitions on hard disks?
Definition
Hard disks and partitions on those hard disks are identified by numbers. (hd,)(hd0,0)
Term
Besides hard disk partition information, what other information is represented by keywords in the grub.conf file?
Definition
Hard dirve numbers
Term
What command is used to create an encrypted password for use in /boot/grub/grub.conf?
Definition
grub-md5-crypt command
Term
What do you press at the BIOS post to obtain a grub> prompt where you can enter a variety of commands to view system hardware configuration, find and display files, alter the configuration of GRUB, or boot an OS kernel?
Definition
press C
Term
What command is used to reinstall the GRUB boot loader?
Definition
grub-install command
Term
What is LILO?
Definition
Traditional Linux boot loader.
Term
When or where is it used?
Definition
It is often found on other Linux distributions that require a smaller boot loader than GRUB, as well as legacy Linux installations.
Term
Where is LILO typically located?
Definition
MBR/GPT of the hard disk.
Term
HOW is LILO configured?
Definition
By editing the /etc/lilo.conf file
Term
What must you do if you change LILO's configuration file for those change to take effect?
Definition
LILO must be reinstalled using the new info in /etc/lilo.conf
Term
What command reinstalls LILO?
What command uninstalls LILO?
Definition
-lilo command
-lilo -U command
Term
If you are using a Linux boot loader to dual boot an OS in addition to Linux, should you install Linux before or after the operating system? Why?
Definition
After because this allows the Linux installation program to detect the other OS on the disk and place the appropriate entries in the boot loader configuration file.
Term
Becasue GRUB cannot load the windows kernel directly when dual booting, what does it load?
Definition
GRUB must load the Windows boot loader from the windows partition.
Term
How do you modify the Windows boot loader to load the Linux OS?
Definition
By adding additional components. Also modify the Windows boot loader to include Linux support.
Term
What is the name of the first daemon loaded? What is it's configuration file?
Definition
Init daemon uses its config file.
/etc/inittab
Term
What is a runlevel? How many standard runlevels are there?
Definition
Defines the number and type of daemons that are loaded into memory and executed by the kernel on particular system.
-7 levels
Term
What is the default runlevel?
Definition
Runlevel 5
Term
What is another term for runlevels?
Definition
Because the init daemon is responsible for starting and stopping daemons and hence, changing run levels, runlevels are often called inistates.
Term
What is the command to change to runlevel 3?
Definition
init 3
Term
What is an alternate command to the init command?
Definition
telinit command
Term
What are rc scripts? What do they do?
Definition
During the boot process, the init daemon must execute several scripts that prepare the system, start daemons, and eventually bring the system to a usable state.
Term
At boot time, what is the first rc script to run, and what does it do?
Definition
The /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script to initialize the hardware components of the system, set environment variables such as PATH and HOSTNAME, check filesystems, and perform system tasks required for daemon loading.
Term
How do you see the output of this script after the system has booted?
Definition
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script is hidden by the graphical startup screen during system initialization.(dmesg command)
Term
What script is executed when the default runlevel starts? What does this script run?
Definition
/etc/rc.d/rc5.d
execute all files that start with S or K in the /etc/rc.d/rc5.d directory
Term
Not all daemons that are added during Linux installation are configured to start at system initialization. Where does Linux place files for these daemons?
Definition
/etc/rc.d/rc5.d directory
Term
What key do you press to remove the graphical boot screen and view messages resulting from scripts running?
Definition
Esc key during system initialization.
Term
To where is the output of all runtime configuration scripts within the /etc/rc.d/rc*.d directories logged?
Definition
/var/log/messages file
Term
Most daemon scripts accept what 3 arguments?
Definition
-start
-stop
-restart
Term
You can aslo use what command used to start, stop, or restart any daemons listed within the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory?
Definition
service command
Term
You can view and modify the daemons that are started in each runlevel by using what command?
Definition
chkconfig command
Term
What utility can be used to modify the appropriate runtime configuration files so that they start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel?
Definition
ntsysv utility
Term
GUIs make life easier. What is the GUI utility in GNOME used to control daemon startup by runlevel?
Definition
Service Configuration Utility
Term
What is the core component of a Linux GUI?
Definition
X Windows
Term
The programs that tell X Windows how to draw the graphics and display the results are known as what? Must they run on the same computer as X Windows?
Definition
-X clients
-No
Term
X Windows is sometimes referred to as what?
Definition
X server
Term
Who developed X Windows and when? What was it called?
Definition
-DEC 1984
-Project Athena
Term
Since 2004, X Windows has been maintained as Open Source Software by whom?
Definition
X.org foundation
Term
The freely available version of X Windows is used in many Linux distributions created by open source developers is called what?
Definition
XFree 86
Term
Fedora 13 uses which version of X Windows?
Definition
X Windows instead of XFree 86
Term
What is used to modify the look and feel of X Windows?
Definition
windows manager
Term
What are some windows managers?
Definition
-compiz
-enlightment
-fvwm
-kwin
-lxde
-metacity
-mwm
-sawfish
-twm
-wmaker
Term
What is a desktop environment?
Definition
A standard set of GUI tools designed to be packaged together, including web browsers, file managers, and drawing programs.
Term
What are the two most common desktop environments?
Definition
-KDE
-GNOME
Term
What windows manage and toolkit does KDE use?
Definition
-K Window manager
-Qt toolkit
Term
Why was GNOME developed? What windows manager and toolkit does GNOME use?
Definition
-The general dissatisfaction with Qt toolkit
-metacity windows manager
-GTK+toolkit
Term
What is the default desktop environment for Fedora 13?
Definition
GNOME
Term
How can you select a desktop environment during the login process?
Definition
Use the session menu in the lower-right corner of the screen to select a desktop environment during the login process.
Term
What is dmrc? What does it do?
Definition
(display manager runtime configuration file)
-It stores any desktop environments that you manually slect in the session menu.
Term
By default, can the root user log into the system using GDM? Why? How can you change this?
Definition
No because this prevents any GUI processes that might compromise the system from starting as the root user.
-Disable this feature via the GNOME Display Manager.
Term
If you are logged in at runlevel 3, what commands will start the GUI?
Definition
-gdm
-startx
Supporting users have an ad free experience!