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Linux+ Chapter 1
Linux+ Chapter1
53
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 1
01/19/2013

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Term
What is software?
Definition
Set of instructions or programs that allow the various hardware components to manipulate data or files.
Term
What are the two types of programs?
Definition
Applications & Operating System
Term
For the operating system to interact with many different types of computer hardware, what must it contain?
Definition
Device Driver
Term
What do device drivers do?
Definition
Tells the operating system how to use that specific device.
Term
In what two formats does the user interface usually come?
Definition
Command-line prompt
GUI
Term
What are system services?
Definition
They are applications that handle system related tasks, such as printing, scheduling, programs, and managing network access.
Term
Why is Linux referred to as a multiuser and multitasking operating system?
Definition
It has the ability to manage thousands of tasks at the same time, including multiple users to access the system simultaneously.
Term
What is the core component of the Linux operating system called?
Definition
Linux Kernel
Term
The Linux kernel is written in what language?
Definition
C programming language
Term
What is Linux referred to as OSS?
Definition
Open Source Software
Term
What is source code?
Definition
Refers to the list of instructions that a software developer writes to make up a program.
Term
What must be done to the source code before your computer's processor can understand and execute it?
Definition
It must be compiled into a format called machine language.
Term
Where on the Internet can the complete open source definition be found?
Definition
www.opensource.org
Term
What are some implications of the OSS way of developing software?
Definition
Software is developed very rapidly through widespread collaboration.
Term
What is the GNU general public license?
Definition
Stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available.
Term
Where on the Internet can a list of approved open source licenses be found?
Definition
www.opensource.org
Term
What is closed source software?
Definition
Where the source code is not distributed freely.
Term
Linux supports most command and standards of what othe operating system?
Definition
UNIX
Term
What is the most common hardware platform on which Linux is installed?
Definition
Intel x86/x64 platforms
Term
How can you configure/install Linux resulting in a much small and faster kernel?
Definition
Recompile the Linux kernel.
Term
HOWTO documents are maintained by their authors yet are centrally collected by whom?
Definition
Linux Documentation Project
Term
Who formed the Free Software Foundation to encourage free software development?
Definition
Richard Stallman
Term
Who first developed Linux and when?
Definition
Linus Torvalds 1991
Term
What is a Linux distribution?
Definition
It is a collection, or bundle, of software containing the commonly developed Linux operating system kernel.
Term
Do all distributions of Linux share a common kernel and utilities?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is embedded Linux?
Definition
Runs on smaller hardware devices.
Term
What is the core component of the GUI in Linux?
Definition
X Windows
Term
There are two implementations of X Windows?
Definition
X Free 86
X.org
Term
What are the two main competing GUI environments available in Linux?
Definition
GNOME
KDE
Term
What is a package manager?
Definition
It is a software system that installs and maintains software.
Term
What is the most widely supported package manager?
Definition
Red Hat Manager
Alternate One: Debian Packet Manager
Term
What is tarball?
Definition
Compressed archive files.
Term
Can a Linux machine be used a router?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the most common proxy server used on Linux?
Definition
Squid
Term
What is CGI?
Definition
It is a program that runs on the Web server and enables connection to a resource running on another server on the network.
Term
IP addresses are often associated with more user-friendly names which are known as what?
Definition
Fully Qualified Domain Names
FQDN's
Term
What does a DNS server do?
Definition
Maintains a list of the proper FQDN to IP mappings and quickly returns the rquested IP address to your browser.
Term
Many distributions of Linux ship with a DNS known as what?
Definition
BIND
Term
What does Samba do?
Definition
Allows clients to connect to shared information and printers on a Linux server. Makes a Linux server appear as a Windows server to window clients.
Term
What is a database management system?
Definition
It is a collection of programs and tools designed to allow for the creation, modification, and maintenance from databases.
Term
What are the two most popular and widely used DBMSs available for Linux today?
Definition
Postgre SQL
My SQL
Term
What is a common open source management interface for Linux?
Definition
Webmin
Term
What is the most common method of Linux clustering?
Definition
Beowulf clustering
Term
Linux kernel versions are composed of:
Definition
Major number
Minor number
If odd, referred to as a developmental kernel: a kernel which is not fully tested and with implied instability
If even, referred to as a production kernel: a kernel that has been thoroughly tested and is declared to be stable
Revision number
Term
Artistic license:
Definition
OSS license allowing source code to be distributed freely, changed only at discretion of original author
Term
Freeware:
Definition
distributed free of charge; source code is not available
Term
Shareware:
Definition
initially free, but requires payment after a period of time or for use of certain features
Term
Hacker:
Definition
someone attempting to expand their computing knowledge through experimentation
Term
Cracker:
Definition
someone who illegally uses computers for personal benefit or to cause damage
Term
Mail transfer agent (MTA):
Definition
an e-mail server used to distribute email
Term
Mail delivery agent (MDA):
Definition
service that downloads e-mail from an MTA
Term
Mail user agent (MUA):
Definition
program that allows e-mail to be read by a user
Term
Clustering:
Definition
combining several smaller computers to act as one large supercomputer
Beowulf clustering: most common Linux method of clustering
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