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Life Span Dvlpt
Gender, Family, Friends, Morality
74
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/25/2013

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Cards

Term
Visual self-recognition
Definition
2 years old.
Term
Reference to self/ownership
Definition
3 years old.
Term
Realizes true/untrue distinction
Definition
4 years old.
Term
Ability to engage in perspective-taking
Definition
7-8 years old.
Term
Social description & comparison, and emergence of ideal vs. real self emerges in:
Definition
Late childhood.
Term
Self-conscious feelings, contradicting & fluctuating self, and possible self emerges in:
Definition
Adolescence.
Term
What is self-esteem most correlated to?
Definition
Highly to perceived physical appearance, and mildly to scholastic performance.
Term
What is narcissism?
Definition
Extremes and inconsistencies in conception of self-esteem.
Term
What is the correlation between self esteem and self-control. Positive or negative?
Definition
Negative.
Term
Self regulation in children 1-1,5 years.
Definition
Relies on caregiver to know if acceptable behavior.
Term
Self regulation in children 2-3 years.
Definition
Begins to comply with caregiver's expectations without monitoring.
Term
Self-regulation in preschool children.
Definition
Can give themselves rules to stay focused and clear of temptation.
Term
Self regulation in adolescents.
Definition
Emergence of introspection, higher cognitive skills, and independence.
Term
Self regulation in older adults. SOC strategy?
Definition
Perceived decline in control. Selective, Optimization, Compensation.
Term
Primary vs Secondary control striving.
Definition
Primary=changing external world.
Secondary=changing inner world.
Term
Erikson - Identity Crisis.
Definition
Healthy state of identity exploration.
Term
Psychosocial Moratorium.
Definition
Gap between childhood security and adult autonomy.
Term
What are Marcia's identity statuses?
Definition
Exploring alternative Identity vs. Making personal investment in Identity.
Term
What is no crisis, no commitment status?
Definition
Diffusion.
Term
What is no crisis, some commitment status?
Definition
Foreclosure.
Term
What is some crisis, some commitment status?
Definition
Achievement.
Term
What is some crisis, no commitment status?
Definition
Moratorium.
Term
Four dimensions of familial influence?
Definition
Individuality (self-assertion and seperatedness) vs. Connectedness (mututality-how much you feel for, and permeablity-how much you are open to).
Term
Levinson's seasons of a man's life includes mid-life crisis. What is it?
Definition
Attempt to cope with gap between past and future.
Term
Which of Erikson's stages seem to map onto a mid-life crisis?
Definition
Generativity vs. stagnation.
Term
What is the cumulative personality model?
Definition
People become more stable over time because they get better at entering stable environments.
Term
What is the process by which children acquite thoughts, feelings, and behaviors appropriate for their gender?
Definition
Gender typing.
Term
In which condition does a man look like a woman and is attracted to men?
Definition
Androgen-Insensitivity.
Term
In which condition does a woman have too much androgen?
Definition
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
Term
What theory says that development occurs out of observations, imitations, and rewards/punishments?
Definition
Social Cognitive Theory.
Term
What theory says that gender differences result from a children comparing and contrasting them?
Definition
Social Role Theory
Term
What theory claims that the child identifies with their same-sex parent to resolve their complexes towards opposite-sex one?
Definition
Psychoanalytic.
Term
What theory claims that gender typing emerges through schemas of gender-congruent behaviors?
Definition
Gender Schema Theory.
Term
Do mean or woman engage in more Rapport talk?
Definition
Women. Men engage in more Report talk.
Term
When does the greatest amount of personality change take place?
Definition
20-40 years old according to longitudinal research.
Term
Where are androgens created?
Definition
In the testes and in the adrenal glands.
Term
What percentage of rape victims suffer from subsequent dysfunction?
Definition
About 50%.
Term
How many cohabitation arrangements last less than a year?
Definition
About 1/3.
Term
How many US teens acquire and STD annually?
Definition
About 3 million.
Term
What is a climacteric period?
Definition
It is the period of the end of fertility. It includes menopause.
Term
What is the highest risk of running a Hormone Replacement Therapy?
Definition
Increased risk of heart attack.
Term
What is the term denoting how people both affect and are affected by their environment?
Definition
Reciprocal Socialization. It exists in five layers from micro to macro systems.
Term
What theory suggests that children internalize their parents' moral standards as self-control replaces parental control.
Definition
Psychoanalytic.
Term
What are the two stages of Piaget's theory of childhood moral development.
Definition
Heteronymous (4-7) and Autonymous thinking (10-onwards). Imminent Justice follows heteronymous thinking.
Term
What are the two first stages of Kohlberg's Preconventional morality?
Definition
Heteronymous thinking and exchange mentality.
Term
What are the two stages of Kohlberg's Conventional morality?
Definition
Conformity/expectation and social systems.
Term
What are the two stages of Kohlberg's Postconventional morality?
Definition
Social contract/individual rights and universal ethical principles.
Term
What did Dewey name his call for a basic moral education including value clarification in schools?
Definition
Hidden curriculum.
Term
Altruism vs. Reciprocity?
Definition
Altruism is unselfish (through empathy), reciprocity is out of social contract (through obligation).
Term
What is a conduct disorder?
Definition
Acting in age-inappropriate behaviors, or with attitudes violating norms or others' rights.
Term
Unmarried cohabitation has skyrocketed since 1970's. How much?
Definition
1970s->11%
Now->70%
Have at some point cohabited.
Term
Women divorce usually because of ...
Definition
Spousal Abuse, Drug abuse, Cheating.
Term
Men divorce usually because of ...
Definition
Falling out of love, Cheating.
Term
Do second marriages have better success rates than first?
Definition
No, they actually have a lower success rate->same dysfunctional patterns.
Term
What is Gottman's prescription for a healthy marriage?
Definition
Deep friendship, mutual respect, forgiveness, commitment, and self-sacrifice.
Term
Most couples divorce within how many years of marriage?
Definition
About 5-10 years.
Term
What are Baumrind's four parenting styles?
Definition
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive/Indulgent, and Neglectful.
Term
Who is most likely to commit child abuse?
Definition
The parent (84%) of time. Cycle of abuse occurs about 25-30% of the time.
Term
How much time do children spend with peers at age 2?
Definition
10%.
Term
How much time do children spend with peers at age 4?
Definition
20%
Term
How much time do children spend with peers at age 7-11?
Definition
40%
Term
What are the most common reasons for bullying?
Definition
Physical appearance, mannerisms, and sexual orientation.
Term
How do young children see friends?
Definition
As social and cognitive resources.
Term
How are children and adults friend criteria similar?
Definition
They are both based on seeking similarities to make friends.
Term
How does Sullivan and Piaget describe peers' role in child development?
Definition
They describe a system where peers shape each others development through reciprocal interactions.
Term
What are the risks of early maturation or having older peers?
Definition
Higher risk of juvenile delinquency.
Term
Freud and Erikson's view on play?
Definition
A way to release tension, and to master anxiety & conflict.
Term
Vygotsky's view on play?
Definition
Play is good for creative thought.
Term
The six types of play?
Definition
Sensorimotor, practice/repetition, symbolic/make-believe, social, constructive, and games.
Term
What is disengagement theory?
Definition
The theory that older adults should gradually withdraw themselves from society to better cope with retirement.
Term
What is activity theory?
Definition
The theory that older adults should intensify activity and social involvement to be satisfied with older life.
Term
What is a social convoy?
Definition
A social network surrounding a person makes them have higher life satisfaction.
Term
Are poverty rates increasing or decreasing?
Definition
It is increasing (15%-2012), and moving mostly along ethnic lines.
Term
What is the poorest demographic?
Definition
Single older black women are.
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