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Leukemia/Myloid neoplasms
really leukemia lectures
15
Medical
Professional
04/23/2013

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Term
Leukemia epidemiology
Definition
3% cancers adults
#1 cancer death children
.5 = acute (AML more common)
.5 = chronic (CLL more common)

increased risk trisomy 21
and fanconis chromosome instability
Term
Aquired chromosomal abnormalities leukemia
Definition
9:22 - CML and some ALL
15:17 Acute ProMylo: retinoic acid receptor
8:21 - AML w/ maturation (favorable)
8:14 - Burkitts c-myc
12:21 - favorable ALL
11q23: poor prognosis
trisomy 8, monosome 5/7 - AML
Term
Acute vs. chronic leukemia impt
Definition
1. acute = 20% blasts with sudden onset, constituitional sx and marked cytopenia (bone pain)

2. chronic = slow onset, slow sx, SPLENOMEGALY and mild cytopenias

both have neutropenia, thrombcytopenia, anemia

hepatomegaly,lymphadeno = CLL
splenomegally = cml
CNS = ALL
skin = aml
Term
DX information
Definition
1. cytochemistry typical used CML
2. immunologic markers = ALL
CD34 = blast
Term
ALL
Definition
Precursor B- 85% Markers CD19/10/34
Precursor T - 15% markers 2/5/6

number one cancer children, marked cns involvment, bone pain and may have low WBC counts
Term
AML
Definition
Number one leukemia adults can occur any age

GUM HYPERPLASIA

cytogenetics impt to classify
auer rods
CD 13/15/33 + 34,117

(8:21)(15:17)inv(16) - good
del5/7 - bad

APL - emergency ATRA for granule cyto
echymosis common
Term
Acute Ambigous Leukemia
Definition
insufficient between M and L or
both B/T + M differentiation
poor prognosis
may be 9:22 or 11q23(MLL)
Term
CML
Definition
9:22 bcr-abl tk translocation releases weird mature cells from BM

age 26-60 + splenomegaly, basophilia, thrombocytosis

accelerated blast phase in 3 yrs
Term
CLL
Definition
#1 leukemia western world
presents with increasing number infect.

B cell with CD 19/20/23 and 5
THINK 5/23

combs positive 15%, hypogamma 50%

lymphadenopathy + hepatospleno

Ricters transformation to prolymphocytic small cell = death 1 yr

del13q14 better, 17p worse
Term
Hairy cell leukemia
Definition
B cell 5:1 dry tap with fried egg appearance

Pancytopenia or monopenia with increasing bacterial/myco infections and splenomegaly

CD 19/20/22/11c/103/25
good prognosis with pentostatin
Term
Polycythemia vera
Definition
Mylodysplastic (5/7/8) syndrome with increased amn RBC +/- platelet/granulo

M>F, enlarged organs, increased visocity and tendency thrombosis

spent phase = myleofibrosis more common than CML

low erythorpoetin/increased uric acid/histamine --> differentiates from 2 or elevated volume
Term
Chronic ideopathic myelofibrosis
Definition
Fibrosis BM related to EGFR and TGFb from abnormal megakaryocytes

extremedullary hematopoesis with tear drop cells

related to bm failure - death 3-5 yrs
Term
Essential thrombocythemia
Definition
sustained elevated platelet count...indolent with thrombosis or hemoorage problems
Term
CMML
Definition
overlaps with monocytosis (mylomonocytic)
less than 20% blast, no philadelphia chromo
Term
cell markers leukemia
Definition
tDT - ALL positive
CD 19 - pan B cell ag (good all)
CD 10 - CALLA antigen (all)
2/5/7 - T cell
14/15/33 - myeloid
34 - blast
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